sNüv temIsà F|m-e-tÃbpw Gâhpw henb Hcp-{]-Xn-`-bm-bn-cpÐ, henb Hcp ]mc-t\m-bn-Um-bn-cp-Ð, ^njá , Ah-km-\w, bp. Fkv. ká|m-dp-am-bpè XsÒ alm-a-È-c-Ãnã Hcp ka-\n-e-tbmsS hnS-]-d-¹n-cn-|p-I-bm-Wv, k½tU ssSwkv dntÔmáºv sNàp-I-bm-Wv.acWw
AtW-cn-|Ëká|m-dns\ Hcp NXp-cw-K-]-cm-P-b-Ãnã\nÐv c¢n-®n-cn|p-I-bm-Wv. hr|-tcm-K-Ãn\v NnInÈ kzoI-cn-|mË hnk-Û-Xn-®-Xns\ XpSáÐmWv ^nj-dn\v acWw kw`-hn®-sXÐv dntÔmáºp-¾v.

kvt]máSvk-S|w GXv cwKÃpw hn\m-i-I-c-amb km{am-Py-Xzm-[n-]Xyw ASn-t®-ev]n-|-emWv bp. Fkv. e¢y-sa-Ð-XnsÒ Gâhpw henb km¢yw IqSn-bmWv tdm_áºv sPbnwkv ^njá. sNünsÒ cwKÃv bp. Fkv. Fbv|v apÐnãsh-bv|m-\pè Htc-sbmcp t]mkvâá t_mbv Bbn-cpÐp AtÉ-lw. 1970-I-fnã hniz-am-Êy-a-ªç sNüns\ sIm¾m-Sn-bXv ^nj-dnsÒ t]cp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-Sp-Ãn-bm-Wv. tIhew Hcp Ifn Fªs\ cmjv{So-b-tÃ-|mfpw kmln-Xy-tÃ-|m-fp-sams| hen-b-kw-`-h-am-Ip-saÐv AÆp-X-sÔ-º-]-e-cp-ap¾m-hmw. DÃcw HtÐ AÐpw CÐpw Dèq, Hcp `mKÃv bp. Fkv. ]s©-Sp-|p-sa-©nã hnká±\w t]mepw henb hmáÃm-aq-ey-ap-è-Im-cy-am-Ipw. \m\m-Po-hn-X-hy-h-lm-c-ªsf cmjv{So-b-am-|n-am-âm-\p-è-km-{am-Py-Xz-{]-Nm-c-Wb{ÌÃnsÒ hnP-b-am-W-Xv. HÔw Iayq-W-nkvâp-ImcmWv Fæmw cmjv{So-b-am-|p-Ð-sXÐv Ahá{]-N-cn-Ôn-|p-Ibpw sNàpw.

^nj-dnsÒ Pohn-X-Ãn-te|v
1943 amá®v 9\v Ata-cn-|-bnã `qPm-X-\mb sNüv am{Ìn-I-\mb t_m_n jnjá 2008 P\p-hcn 17\v acn-|p-tÚmç sFkv emÒnse ]uc-\m-bn-cp-Ðp. sNdp-Ô-ÃnãXsÐ sNünã Xmev]cyw-{]-I-SnÔn® jnjá, temI sNüv IncoSw t\SpÐ BZysà Ata-cn-|-|m-c-\m-Wv. 1972ã sFkv emÒnse sdbv|vPhn-|nã \SÐ temI-a-È-c-Ãnã tkmhn-bâv NmÚy-\mb t_mdnkv kv]mkvInsb AtÉlw \náÁm-b-I-ambn ]cm-P-b-sÔ-Sp-Ãn. NXp-cw-K-Ô-e-I-bnã tkmhn-bâv bqWn-b-\p-¾mb B[n-]-Xy-Ãn-t\â {]Y-a-{]-l-c-am-bn-cpÐp AXv. AXvsIm-¾p-XsÐ io-X-bp-Ê-cw-KÃv Ata-cn-|bv|v hoWp-In-ºnb Hcp alm-hn-P-b-sa-Ð-a-ºnã AXv amÊy-a-temIw sIm¾m-Sn. F|m-e-tÃbpw Gâhpw alm-\mb sNüv {]Xn-`-bmbn amÊy-a-ªç ^nj-dns\ hnti-jn-Ôn-®p. Hcp Imcyw Xoá®-bm-Wv, sNünse Akm-am-\y-{]Xn-`-bp-è-I-fn-|m-cnã Hcm-fm-bn-cpÐp jnjá. Cu _e-Ãnã AtW-cn| BIm-i-ª-fnã sImSn-]-d-Ãp-Ibpw kap-{Z-ª-fnã bm\-]m-{X-ªç\n-d-bv|p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

jnj-dnsÒ _meyÃnepè sNüv hnP-b-ªç CXn\pè km¢y-ª-fm-Wv. 1956ã-G-âhpw {]mbw Ipd¹ Pq\n-bá Ata-cn-|Ë sNüv NmÚy-\m-bn-cpÐp ^njá. XpSáÐp-¾mb ]e-a-È-c-ª-fnepw NmÚyËjnÔv t\Sm-\m-bn-sæ-©nepw AtÉlw XsÒ anIhv sXfn-bn-®p-sIm-¾n-cp-Ðp. 1956ãXsÐ \SÐ{]-Ya It\-Un-bË NmÚyËjn-Ônã ]Ãnã Ggvt]m-bnÒv t\Sn Ggmw öm\Ãv hcmt\ AtÉ-l-Ãn\v Ign-¹p-èq. AtX hájw \SÐ tdmkËhmçUv NmÚyËjn-Ônã ^njdpw ]nÐoSv Hcp CÒá\m-j-\ã amkvâ-dm-bn- amdnb sUmWmçUv t_bv\pw XÛnã \SÐ aÈcw \qâm-¾nsÒ sNüvaÈcw FÐmWv hnti-jn-Ôn-|-sÔ-Sp-Ð-Xv. ]{̾mw hb-ünã ^njá Ata-cn-|Ë \mj-\ã {KmÒvv amkvâ-dm-bn. 1957ã ^njá ho¾pw Ata-cn-|Ë Pq\n-bá NmÚy-\m-bn. 1958 P\p-h-cn-bnã AtÉlw Ata-cn-|-bnse Gâhpw {]mbw Ipd¹ tZiob NmÚy-\m-bn.

CtXmsS AÌátZ-iob SqáW-saÒp-I-fnã ]s©-Sp-|m-\pè Ah-k-c-ª-fp-¾m-bn. 1958ã t]másºm-tdmkv CÒá\m-j-\-en-ã AXnse BZysà Bdv öm\-ª-fnãs]ºp-sh-Ð-\n-e-bnã temI-Nm-ÚyË ]Z-hn-|pè Gâhpw {]mbw Ipd¹ ImËUn-tU-âmbn ^njá AwKo-I-cn-|-sÔ-ºp. CtXmsS ^njcn\v {KmÒv amkvâ-á ]Zhn e`n-®p. Im\vUn-tUâvkv SqáW-saÒn\v apÚmbn ]s©-Spà aqÐv aÈ-c-ª-fnã( aásZã ÕmÃm, kmÌn-bm-tKm, kyqdn-®v) ^njdn\v Hcp-t]mse Dd® {]I-S\wImgvN-sh-bv|m-\m-bn-æ. kmam-t\y\ ISpà kyqdn®v aÈ-c-Ãn-emWv aqÐmw öm\-sÃ-©n-ep-sa-ÃmË Ign-¹-Xv. temI-Nm-ÚyË anJm-tbã Xmen\v sXmºp ]dInem-bn-cpÐp ChnsS ^nj-dnsÒ öm\w. 1959-ã bqtKm-ûm-hn-b-bnã \-SÐ Im\vUn-tUâvkv SqáW-saÒnã Fºnã A³v t]mbnÒv t\Snsb©nepw anJm-tbãXm-ep-am-bpè hy~n-K-Xa-È-cª-fnã \menepw tXmâp-t]m-bn. kv]mkvIn-bp-am-bpè ^nj-dnsÒ {]Y-a-a-Ècw \S-|p-ÐXv AáPÒo-\-bnse saáZãÕmÃm SqáW-saÒnn-em-Wv, 1960ã. c¾p-t]á|pw 15ã 13.5 FÐ A`n-am-\m-h-l-amb t]mbnÒm-Wp-¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xv. ^njá kv]mkvIn-bp-ambn am{X-amWv Cu aÈ-cÃnã ]cm-P-b-a-S-¹-Xv. XpSáÐv \SÐ _yq\kv Atbgvkv aÈ-c-Ãnã ^nj-dnsÒ {]-IS-\wss\cmiyP\-I-am-bn-cp-Ðp. hnIvSátImá®p-t\m-bn-tbmSpw kmap-hã dntj-hvkvIn-tbm-Sp-samÐpw ]nSn-®p-\n-evI-ImË ^nj-dn\v Ign-¹n-æ.

^nj-dnsÒ Pohn-X-Ãnse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp aÈcw ]e-X-hW bp. Fkv. NmÚy-\m-bn-cp-Ð, XtÐ-|mç apÔ-Ãn-c¾v hbüv IqSp-X-epè kmap-hã dntj-hvkvIvn-bp-ambn 1961ã\-SÐXmbn-cp-Ðp. ]Xn-\mdv Ifn-bmWv \në-bn-®n-cp-Ð-Xv. \yqtbmá|nepw temkv G³ãkn-ep-ambn c¾p hº-am-bn-ºmWv Ifn-Iç\-S-Ð-Xv. Ifn-bpsS kvt]m½kdpw kwLm-S-I-bp-am-bn-cp-ÐXv PmIzn-enË ]ymtSm-hvkvIn-bm-bn-cp-Ðp. FÐmã Ifn-bnse sjUyq-fnã Hcp Znh-k-ap-¾mb amâsà XpSáÐv ^njá Ifn-bnã\nÐv ]nÑm-dn. -]-Xn-s\mÐv Ifn-I-gn-¹-Ô-gm-bn-cpÐp CXv. c¾v hnP-bhpw Ggv ka-\n-e-bp-amWv c-¾p-t]á|p-ap-¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xv. FÐmã bph-N-Xp-cw-K-{]-Xn-`sb ASpà aÈ-c-Ãn-te|pw PmIzn-enËkvt]m½kásN-bvXp. anJm-tbã Xmens\ Cu aÈ-cÃnã tXmev]n-®p-sh-©nepw ^nj-dn\v c¾mw öm\w sIm¾v Xr]vXn-sÔ-tS-¾n-h-Ðp.

ASpà temI-Nm-ÚyËjn-Ônepw Pbn-|mË Ign-bm-Xn-cpÐ ^njá ]nsÐ hm|p-Iç sIm¾pè Ifn-Xp-S-ªn. djyË Ifn-|má HÃp-I-fn-|p-I-bm-sW-Ðm-bn-cpÐp ^nj-dnsÒ Btcm-]-Ww. XmË C\n-sbm-cn-|epw ImËUn-tUâvkv SqáW-saÒnã ]s©-Sp-|p-I-bn-sæÐv ^njái-]Yw sNbvXp. ^nj-dnsÒ teJ\w Nne-{]-tbm-P-\-ªçsN-bvXp. temI-sNüv kwL-S-\-bmb ^ntU, Im\vUn-tUâvkv aÈcw ths¾Ðv shbv|p-I-bpw, t\m|u-ºva-È-c-ª-fp-tS-Xmb coXn AwKo-I-cn-|p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1960-I-fnse hyXn-bm\w
1960-I-fnã ^njá hæmà am\-kn-I-hn-{`m-Ìn-|-Sn-a-bm-sbÐv thWw ]d-bmË. XsÒ hy~n-Xz-Ãnã bp~n-sb ASn-öm-\-am-|nb sNüpw, hnizm-k-sÃbpw Bthi-sÃ-bp-a-Sn-öm-\-am-|nb aXhpw FÐn-ªs\ c¾p LS-I-ª-fp-s¾Ðv ^njá {]Jym-]n-®p; XmË ]c-kv]-c-`n-Ð-amb Hcp Zznap-J-Po-hn-X-amWv Pohn-|p-ÐXv; XtÒXv Hcp hn`-Pn-X-hy-~n-Xz-amWv FsÐms| ^njátem-I-tÃmSv ]d-¹p. slás_áºv. UÙbq Bwkvt{Smªv FÐ Hc-mfpsS thçUv sshUv Ná® Hm^v tKmUn\v ^njá XsÒ tkh-\hpw kw`m-h-\bpw \evIn. 61200 tUmf-dmWv ^njákw-`m-h-\-bmbn \evIn-b-Xv. 1963ã temIm-h-km-\-ap-¾m-hp-saÐ {]Jym-]\w \S-Ãnb aX-hn-`m-K-am-Wn-Xv. 1972 Bb-tXmsS ^nj-dn\v Cu aX-hn-`m-K-Ãn-epè hnizmkw \jvS-am-bn. AXnsÒ {]h-N-\-ªç ^en-®n-æ. am{X-a-æ, Ná®p-ambn _Ï-sÔºv ssewKn-I-tI-fn-I-fpsS hrÃn-lo-\-amb IY-Iç ]pd-Ãp-h-Ðp. ^njá Ná®ns\ Xèn-Ô-d-¹p.

CXn-\n-S-bnepw ]e-a-È-c-ª-fnepw ^njá ]s©-Sp-|pbpw hnP-b-]-cm-P-b-ªç Gâp-hm-ªp-I.bpw sNbvXp-sIm-¾n-cp-Ðp. háj-ªç Ign-tÌmdpw ^nj-dnsÒ NXp-cwKtijn háÊn-|p-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp. 1966se kmÒm tamWn|m kqÔá SqáW-saÒnã AtÉlw temI ss^\-enkvâv t_mdnkv kv]mkvIn-bpsS sXmºp ]nd-Inã c¾mw öm\-|m-c-\m-bn. 1967ã tamt¾ Imátem-hnepw kvtImÔn-bnepw IqSp-Xã Icp-ÃmáÐ-{]-I-S-\-ªç ImgvN-sh-®p. 1960 apXã sNüv Hfn-Úym-Unã ^njá ]s©-Sp-Ãp-Xp-S-ªn. 1960ã -eo-]vkn-Kv, 1962ã hmáWm, 1966ã lhm-\m, 1970ã koKË FÐn-hn-S-ª-fnã\-SÐ sNüv Hfn-Úym-Up-I-fnã {itÊ-b-amb hnP-b-ªfpwöm\-ªfpw t\Sm\pw ^nj-dn\pw bp. Fkv. Soan\pw Ign-¹p.

temI-Nm-ÚyË
FÐmã 1972ãt\-Snb temI-Nm-ÚyË ]Z-hn-tb-|mça-[p-c-X-c-ambn asâmcp hnP-b-hp-an-æ, ^nj-dnsÒ Pohn-X-Ãnã. ]nW-|-ª-fn-eq-sS, ]cn-`-h-ª-fn-eqsS ]e-Xcw {]iv\-ªç krjvSn-®p-sh-©nepw HSp-hnã temI-Nm-ÚyË ]Z-hn-|p-è-t]m-cm-º-Ãnã ]s©-Sp-|mË ^nják-Û-Xn-®p. CXnsÒ apsÐm-cp-|-ª-fmb At\Iw SqáW-saÒp-I-fnã ^njá Akm-am-\y-amb ]mS-h-tÃmsS Icp-|ç\o-|p-I-bpw, Xmepw s]t{Sm-jy-\p-a-S-|-ap-è temI sNüv Po\n-b-üp-Isf ]cm-P-b-sÔ-Sp-Ãp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kv]mkvIn-bp-am-bp-è-t]m-cm-º-Ãn\p sXmºp-apÚpw ^njá kwLm-S-Iá|v Xe-th-Z-\-I-fp-¾m-|n. BZyw {]iv\w D¾m-bXv aÈ-c-th-Zn-sb-|p-dn-®m-bn-cpÐp; bqtKm-ûm-hn-b-bm-hWw thZn-sbÐv ^njdpw sFkv emÒm-h-W-saÐv kv]mkvInbpw hmZn-®p. B hnhmZw HSp-hnã sFûmÒn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn Ah-km-\n-®-tÔmç, ^nják-Ûm-\-ÃpI Cc-ºn-bmbn háÊn-Ôn-|-W-saÐv Bh-iy-sÔ-ºp. e¾-\nse Pnw tûâá FÐ [\n-IË Hcp e¢Ãn ]{Ì-¾m-bncw tUmfá \evIm-sa-tÐ-â-tXmsS AÐp-h-sc-bp-è-Xnãsh®v Gâhpw henb kÛm-\-Ãp-I-bp-ambn temI-Nm-ÚyË aÈ-c-Ãn\v thZn-sbm-cp-ªn. BZysà c¾p aÈ-c-ª-fnã ^njá tXmâp. HÐm-a-tÃXv sXâmb Xocp-am-\w-sIm¾pw c¾m-a-tÃXv Ifn-bpsS \n_-Ï-\-I-fnã {]Xn-tj-[n®v ^njá ]nËhm-ªn-bXv aqe-hp-am-bn-cp-Ðp. Hcp ]t¢, aÈcw ]IpXn hgn|v Dt]-¢n-t|¾n hcp-am-bn-cp-Ðp. FÐmã ^nj-dnsÒ Bh-iy-ªç kv]mkvIn A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ãp. Ifn-|msX NmÚy-\m-hp-Ð-I-Xnã kv]mkvIn|v Xmev]-cy-an-æm-bn-cp-Ðp. Ifn, Iyma-d-|-Áp-Iç|v apÐn-em-hp-ÐXv XsÒ {iÊsb hntO-Zn-|p-Ðp-sh-Ð-Xn-\mã Ifn Hcp ]nÑp-dn-bn-te|v amân. HSp-hnã 8.5-s\-Xnsc 12.5 t]mbnÒv t\Sn ^njá 11m-asà temI-sNüv NmÚy-\m-bn.

CtXmsS cmjv{Sobw cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXp. ^nj-dnsÒ hnPbw Ata-cn-|-bpsS cmjv{Sob hnPb-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ã-sÔ-ºp. CXv ioX-bp-Ê-ÃnsÒ hym]-\-Ãn\v Imc-W-am-bn. ^nj-dm-h-tº, temI-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-am-dn. ^njá Ata-cn-|-bnse tZio-b-\m-b-I-\mbn hmgvÃ-sÔ-ºp. AtÉ-l-Ãn\v ]e-öm-\-am-\-ªfpw hmKvZm\w sNà-sÔ-ºp. ]t¢ Ch-sbms| AtÉlw \În-]qáêw \nc-kn-®p. ]e-I-Ú-\n-Ifpw AtÉ-l-Ãn\v kvt]m½kájnÔpw s{]mUIvSv Aw_m-k-Uá ]Z-hnbpw Dd-Ôv\-evIn. Fæmw AtÉlw Xnc-kvI-cn-®p. sNüv tdân-ªnepw ^njá hfsc apÐn-se-Ãn, 2780. FÐmã CXv XsÒ sXmºv apÚpè tdân-ªn-t\-|mç kzev]w Ipd-hm-bn-cpÐp; Xmen-t\bpw s]t{Sm-ky-t\bpw aâpw ]cm-P-b-sÔ-Sp-Ãn-b-tÔmç ^nj-dnsÒ tdânªv 2785 Bbn-cp-Ðp.

1975ã \SÐ temI-a-Ècw ^nj-dpsS \n_-Ï-\-I-fmã \S-Ðn-æ. 64 \n_-Ï-\-Iç AtÉlw aptÐmºv sh®p. an|-hbpw sNüv kw_-Ï-am-bXpw FÐmã Nneh Ac-Ä-c-ln-X-hp-am-bn-cp-Ðp. HSp-hnãaqÐv \n_-Ï-\-I-fnã ^njá Dd-®p-\n-Ðp. aÈcw ]Ãv hnPbw hsc XpS-c-Ww, ka-\n-e-Iç ]cn-K-Wn-|mt\ ]mSn-æ. Ifn-t|-¾pÐ Ifn-I-fpsS FÁw ]cn-an-X-sÔ-Sp-Ã-cp-Xv. c¾p t]á|pw HÚXv hoXw t]mbnÒv FÐ \ne-h-Ðmã \ne-hn-ep-è-Nm-Úy-s\-Ð-\n-e-bnã X\n|v NmÚyËjnÔv \evI-Ww. HSp-hnã ^ntUbpw Ata-cn-|-bn-sebpw djy-bn-tebpw sNüv hnZvKvÊcpw tNáÐv aÈcw A\-Ì-ambn \o¾p-t]m-hpÐ Ahö Hgn-hm-|-W-saÐv Xocp-am-\n-®p. ]Ãv Pb-sa-Ð-Xn\v ]Icw Bdv Pbw FÐ Hcp \nátÉiw Aháap-tÐmºv sh®p. \ne-hn-epè \nb-a-a-\p-k-c® BsI Ifn-|pÐ 24ã 12.5 t]mbnÒv t\SpÐ bmç NmÚy-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-Ðp. ]pXnb \nátÉ-i-{]-Imcw Bdv Ifn-Iç BZyw Pbn-|p-Ð-bmç NmÚy-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-Ðp. Cu \nátÉ-i-Ãn\pw ^njá hg-ªn-bn-æ. 1974Pq½ 27\v Hcp Im_nç ktÎiw hgn a-È-c-Ãnã\nÐv ]nËhm-ªn-b-Xmbn ^njá Adn-bn-®p. Aªs\ Imát]mhv temI-sNüv NmÚy-\m-bn,. ^njá]n-Ñm-dn-bXv ImcWw XsÒ sNüv Pohn-X-Ãnãap-c-Sn-Ôp-¾m-b-Xmbn ]nÐoSv Imát]mhv k©-S-sÔ-ºn-ºp-¾v.

]nÐoSv Fw. sF. Sn. {KoËÙmâv FÐ IÚyq-º-dp-am-bn-1977ã \-S-Ãnb aÈ-c-Ãnse aqÐv sKbn-anepw hnPbw t\Snb ^njá-A-Spà Ccp-]Xv hájw Bcp-a-dn-bmsX Fhn-sS-sb-æmtam Ign-®p-Iq-ºn.
CXn-\n-S-bn-ep-¾mb Hcp kw`hw ]mk-tZ-\-bnse sebv| kv{Soânã Hcp _m©v Ihá®-bp-ambn _Ï-sÔºv ^njsd Adkvâv sN-bvX-Xm-Wv. sshImsX AtÉ-lsà hnº-b-®p. CXv XsÐ A-]-IoáÃn-sÔ-Sp-ÃmË t_m[-]qáêw sNbvX-Xm-sWÐv ^njá 14 t]Pv ssZáLyw hcpÐ Hcp teJ-\-Ãnã Btcm-]n-®p. ]mct\m-bnb ^nj-dn\v ZoáL-Im-e-ambn Dè Hc-kp-J-am-b-cp-Ðp-sh-ÐmWv AtÉ-lsÃÔân Fgp-Xn-bn-ºp-è-há ]d-bp-Ð-Xv. aâp-è-háXsÐ ]oUn-Ôn-|p-Ðp, FÐ tXmÐ-emWv ]mc-t\m-bn-b.

Ccp-]Xv háj-Ãn\v tijw
Ccp-]Xv háj-Ãn\v tijw ^njá XsÒ apË FXn-cm-fn-bmb kv]mkvInsb ho¾pw shæp-hn-fn-®p. AtÔm-g-tÃ|v kv]mkvIn sNünã kmam-\yw XmgvÐ ]Sn-bn-em-bn-|-gn¹n-cp-Ðp, 96#m#w öm\tam atâm BWv AÐv kv]mkvIn-|p-¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xv. aÈcw bqtKm-ûm-hn-b-bn-emWv \S-Ð-Xv.Cu Ifn-bnã ]s©-Sp-|-cp-sXÐv bp. Fkv. ká|má ^nj-dn\v apÐ-dn-bnÔv \evIn-bn-cp-Ðp. sFIy-cmjv{S hne-|pè bqtKm-ûm-hn-b-bnãa-È-c-Ãnã ]s©-Sp-|p-ÐXv \nb-a-hn-cp-Ê-am-sW-Ðm-bn-cpÐp Ata-cn-|Ë ká|m-dnsÒ \ne-]m-Sv. XmË Ifn-|p-Ðn-SÃv t_mw_v hájw ths¾Ðv shbv|-WsaÐv ^njáXn-cn-®-Sn-®p. tPmáPv _pjv ko\n-b-dnsÒ DÃ-c-hp-I-fnã ^njá ]c-ky-ambn XpÔn. kvt]máSvkns\ cmjv{So-b-am-|nb Ata-cn-|Ëap-J-tÃâ XpÔ-em-bn-cpÐp AXv. aÈ-c-Ãnã ^njá Pbn-®p.

{]hm-kn-bpsS kXy{]-kvXm-h-ªç
Ie-l-|m-c-\mb Cu Po\n-bkv ]nsÐ Ae-bpÐ Hcp PohnXw \bn-t|-¾n-h-Ðp. 1992\v tijw an|-hmdpw A²m-X-\mbn Ata-cn-|bv|v ]pd-ÃmWv ^njá Pohn-®-Xv. Ipd®v Imew AtÉlw _pUm-s]-kvân-em-bn-cp-Ðp. Hcp XmSn sh®v kÐym-kn-sb-t]mse AtÉlw Pohn-®p, k³m-cn-bp-tSXm b Hcp Pohn-Xw. Aev]-Imew t]mçKáIp-Spw-_-Ãnepw AtÉlw Xªn. 2000 apXã 2002 hsc AtÉlw ^nen-ssÔËknemWv Ign-¹-Xv. ^nen-ssÔËkn-em-bn-cns| AtÉ-l-Ãn\v Hcp aIç]n-d-Ðp, Pn©n. Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc AtÉlw temI-hp-ambn kwh-Zn-®Xv {]tIm-]-\-]-c-amb tdUntbm A`n-ap-J-ª-fneq-sS-bm-Wv. sFûmÒn-tebpw sImf-Úv#n-b-bn-tebpw djy-bn-tebpw ^nen-ssÔËkn-tebpw tdUn-tbm-Iç|v AtÉlw A`n-apJw A\p-h-Zn-®p. 1999ã, _pUm-s]kvâv tcUn-tbm-hn\v \ev-Inb A`n-ap-J-Ãnã , XmË Hcp kmáê-tZ-iob PqX-Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bpsS Cc-bm-sWÐv ^njá{]-kvXm-hn-®p. PqX-ta-[m-hn-Xz-apè Ata-cn-|Ë# ká|máXsÐ A]-IoáÃn-sÔ-Sp-ÃmË]cn-{i-an-|p-I-bm-sWÐv AtÉlw t]áÃpw t]áÃpw Btcm-]n-®p. {ItaW ^nj-dnsÒ {]kvXm-h-\-Iç|v Ncn-{Xm-Sn-öm-\-apè cmjv{So-b-kz-`mhw ssIh-Ðp. PqX-Ñmcpw Ata-cn-|Ëká|mdpw tNáÐv ^e-kvXo-\n-Isf sImsÐm-Sp-|p-bm-sWÐv AtÉlw {]kvXm-hn-®p. k]vXw-_á11sÒ B{I-aW hmáà tIº-tXmsS ^njá ]d¹p: CXv \æ hmáÃ-bm-Wv, bp. Fkv. `qap-JÃv \nÐv Cæm-Xm-h-sWÐv Rm\m-{K-ln-|p-Ðp. Ata-cn-|-bnã Hcp Iem-]-ap-¾m-h-W-saÐpw tPmáPv _pjv h[n-|-sÔ-S-W-saÐpw Xm\m-{K-ln-|p-Ð-Xmbn ^njá ]d-¹p. Aª-s\-bp-¾m-bmã A[n-Im-cÃnã hcpÐ ssk\n-I-`-c-W-IqSw Fæm PqX-tcbpw h[n-|p-saÐv XmË {]Xymin|p-Ð-Xmbpw ^njá ]d-¹p. CtXmsS Ata-cn-|Ë sNüv s^U-td-j-\nse ^nj-dnsÒ AwKXzw dÉv sNbvXp.

]nÐoSv \mw tIç|p-ÐXv ^njá PÔm-\nã Adkvâv sNà-sÔ-Sp-Ð-Xm-bn-ºm-Wv. Ata-cn| ]nËh-en® Hcp ]mkvt]máºv D]-tbm-Kn-®v, PÔm-\nã hnam-\-an-d-ªn-b-Xn-\m-bn-cpÐp Ad-kvâv. tSmtIym Böm-\-ambn {]háÃn-|pÐ It\-Un-bË tPW-enkvâv tPm½ t_mkv\n®nsÒ {ia-^-e-ambn ^nj-dns\ tamNn-Ôn-|m-\pè Hcp IÛnân cq]w sImèp-I-bpw, AtÉ-lsà Ata-cn-|-bn-te|v Xncn-®-b-|m-\pè PmÔ-\okv {ia-Ãn-s\-Xn-cmbn \nb-a-bpÊw \S-Ãp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CX-\n-S-bnã ^njá PmÔ-\okv sNüv Atkm-kn-tb-jË {]kn-U¾v antbmt|m hXm-bn-sbhnhmlw sNbvXp. bp. Fkv. sk{I-ºdn Hm^v tkvââvkv tImfnË ]h-en-t\mSv XsÒ bp. Fkv. ]ucXzw Hgn-hm-|m-\p-è-]-cn-{i-asà klm-bn-|-W-saÐv ^njá At]-¢n-®p. t\m|p-I, AtW-cn-|-bn-te-|p-è-Ip-Sn-tbâw am{X-aæ Ncn-{X-Ãnã\-S-Ðn-ºp-è-Xv, Ata-cn-|-bnã \nÐv ]pdÃv t]mhm-\pè {ia-ª-fp-ap-¾m-bn-ºp-s¾Ðv \mw Chn-sS-a-\-ün-em-|p-Ðp.

]t¢, Ata-cn|Ë kÛáÉw ImcWw PmÔm-\okv tImSXn ^nj-dns\ Ata-cn-|.-bn-te|v Xncn-®-b-|m-\p-Ã-c-hn-ºp. PáÛË ]uc-XzÃn\vth¾n-bpè At]-¢bpw Xnc-kvI-cn-|-sÔ-ºp. HSp-hnã 2005 Ah-km\w sFûmÒv ^nj-dpsS c¢-s|-Ãn. am\p-jn-I-]-cn-K-W-\-Iç sh®v sFkv emÒv ^nj-dn\v ]qáW ]ucXzw \evIn. \nIp-Xn-sh-ºn-Ôn\pw {]knU-¾ns\ h[n-|mË t{]c-W-\-evIn-b.-Xn\pw bp. Fkv. F.-bnã ^nj-dn-s\-Xnsc tIkp-Iç\n-e-\n-evs|-bmWv sFkv emÒv Cu Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Ã-Xv. sFkv emÒn-te|v t]mhp-Ð-Xn\v sXmºv apÚv ^njdpw t_mkv\n®pw IqSn tSmtIym Fbát]máºnã sh®v _n. _n.-kn. thçUv káêo-kn\v Hcp {lkz A`n-apJw \evIn. ^njá ]c-Ú-cm-KX sNüv C\n-sbm-cn-|epw Ifn-|n-sæÐv t_mkv\n®v Adn-bn-®p. ^nj-dm-I-sº, {]kn-U¾p _pjns\ Hcp Ipâ-hm-fn-bm.bn {]Jym-]n-®p. PÔmË Ata-cn-|-bpsS ]mh-bm-sWÐpw ^njá Xpd-Ð-Sn-®p. XsÒ tIkv Ata-cn-|ËtIm-S-Xn-bnã hmZn-|p-saÐpw _pjv Pohn{]kn-U-¾mbncn-|p-Ðn-S-tÃmfw XmË bp. Fün-te-|n-sæÐpw ^njá{]-Jym-]n-®p. ^nj-dns\ sNün-te|v Xncn-®p-sIm¾p hcmË kv]mkvInbpw aâp-A-`yp-Z-b-Imw-¢n-Ifpw ]cn-{i-an-s®-©nepw ]gb \n_-Ï-\-I-fpsS AShv XsÐ-bmWv ^njákzo-I-cn-®-Xv. 2006 Unkw-_á 10\v AtÉlw sFûmÒn|v sSen-hn-js\ t^mWnã hnfn®v XmË Hcp hnÐnªv tImÚn-t\-jË hfáÃn-sb-Sp-Ã-Xmbn Adn-bn-®p. AXnsÒ hkvXpX FÌm-bm-bepw FÌnepw aosX XmË-FÐpw sNün-s\-bm-Wm-cm-[n-®-sXÐv CXp-hgn ^njá temIsà Adn-bn-|p-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.

acWw
Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmà GtXm tcmK-Ãn-\-Sn-s]ºv Ign-bp-I-bm-bn-cpÐp ^njá Fæm-Im-e-Ãpw. HSp-hnã AtÉlw ]mëm-Xy-\náan-X-amb Hcp acpÐpw Ign-|p-I-bn-sæÐv {]kvXm-hn-®p. 2007 \hw-_áamk-tÃmsS ^n-já AXo-h-Kp-cp-X-cm-h-ö-bn-em-bn. 2008 P\p-hcn 17\v ^njá FÐ Po\n-bkv \ncym-X-\m-bn. ]Xv\nbpw PmÔ-\okv sNüv Atkm-kn-tb-jË AÊy-¢-bp-amb taymt|m hXm-bn-bpw ^nen-ssÔËkvIm-cn-bm-b-a-Ifpw am{X-amWv ^nj-dnsÒ A\-Ì-cm-h-Im-in-Iç.

Ata-cn-|sb temI-sN-ünsÒ s\dp-I-bn-te-|p-báÃnb alm-{]-Xn-`-bm-bn-cpÐp ^njá. FÐmã km{am-P-yXz Ata-cn| ^nj-dns\ Ah-cpsS cmjv{So-bm-h-iy-ªç|v Dt]m-b-Kn-|m-hpÐ t]m½ Bbn ]cn-K-Wn-®p. FÐmã AXn-ep-sa-{Xtbm Db-c-Ãnem-bn-cpÐp ^nj-dnsÒ {]Xn-`.