Ipd-s®mÐv ]nd-tImºv t]mbmã NÌp-ta-t\mË Cu {]iv\w HÐv kv]áin-®p-t]m-hp-Ð-Xmbn ImWmw. CÎp-te-J-bpsS kuÎ-cy-háW-\-bpsS `mKÃv kzáW-háW-apè am[-hnsb hnh-cn-|p-Ð-Xn-\nsS Aev]-samcp kuÎ-cy-imkv{X hnNmcw \S-Ãp-Ðp-¾v, CÎp-te-Jm-Im-cË.shfp-Ã-\ndw am{X-aæ kuÎ-cy- ÃnsÒ am\-Z-WvU-ambn NÌp-ta-t\mË ImWp-Ð-Xv. Ccp-\n-dhpw IdpÔv \nd-hp-saæmw Ag-In-bÐ háW- ª-fmbn AtÉlw ]d-bp-Ðp. AtÔmgpw ]d-bp-Ð-Xv, CÎp-teJ CÃ-c-Ãn-te-sX-©nepw \nd-ap-è-h-fm-sWÐv {]nb-sÔº hmb-\-|másX-ân-Ê-cn-|-cptX FÐm-Wv. kzáW-háW-tÃm-Sv, kmam\yambn shfpÔv FÐv ]d-bpÐ háW-tÃmSv {]Xn-]Ãn {]I-Sn-Ôn-|p-Ðp-¾v, t\mh-en-kvâv.

CXpw `mjbpw XÛn-se-ÌmWv _Ïw? kv{Xoku-Î-cy-sa-Ð-t]mse, `mjm kuÎ-cyhpw arZp-Zái\-bm-sWtÐm? AX-æ, BZy-tÃXv \b-\m-\-Î-I-c-sa-©nã, c¾m-a-tÃXv {ih-Wm-\-Î-I-c-satÐm? AjvS-]-Zn- bnepw aâpw Dè amXncn efn-X-tIm-a-f-]-Z-\n-I-c-ª-fmb Cuiz-c-kvXp-Xn-Iç, kuÎcyháW-\-Iç, t`mK-há W-\-Iç-BtWm `mjm kuÎ-cy-sa-ÐXv?ae-c-Wn-|m-Sp-Iç Xnªn-hn-ª-nIfnã `mjm-ku-Îcyw Ah-km-\n- |p-satÐm? Hcp IpjvS-tcm-Kn-bpsS Nn{X-sa-Ð-Xv, knwÕ-\mb Hcm-fpsS ssIIm-ep-I-fnã IpjvSw AS-bm-f -sÔ-Sp-Ã-em-sWtÐm? \b-\m-`n-cm-ahpw {ih-W-a-[p-c-hp-amb Imcy-ª-sf-bmWv kuÎ-cy-ÃnsÒ ]cn-[n-bnã s]Sp-Ãp-Ð-sX-©nã XoáÐp, \ap|v kmln-Xyhpw Nn{X-I-ebpw , FÌn\v PohnXw t]mepw th¾m-sb Ðv ]d-tb¾n hcpw. kXy-Ãnã A]-cn-lm-cyamw hn[w hgpXn amdpÐ Hcp inem-JWvUw XsÐ-bm-Wn-Xv. AXnã a¹v hoWn-ºp-¾v. AXn-eqsS k³-cn-|p-tÚmç hgp-Xn-ho-gmw, kq¢n-|-Ww.

kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-hn-Nm-c-ÃnsÒ Cu ISÚ CÐv hsc Bcpw IS-Ðn-ºn-æ. IS-Ðp-FÐv hnNm-cn-|p- Ð-hcpw kÎá`w hcp-tÚmç sXân-tÔmbn FÐv hne-]n-|p-I-tbm, hnXp-Úp-Itbm Ipd¹ ]¢w ]ëm- Ãm]w {]I-Sn-Ôn-|p-Itbm sNàp-ÐXv I¾n-ºp-¾v. cq]-amtWm `mh-amtWm apJyw FÐ A¾ntbm amthm aqÃ-Xv, AYhm {]mthm apºtbm aqÃXv {]iv\w kmln-XyÃn\pw {]k-~-amWv FÐXmWv önXn. cq]-`-{Z-Xm-hm-Z-ÃnsÒ ]md-bnã Xºn ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-{]-öm\Ãn\v Nne-]-cp-|p-I-sfms| Gâ-Xnã ]nsÐ Zim-_vZ-ªç Ign-¹v hmZ-Ãnse hmZn-Ifpw {]Xn-Ifpw Hcp t]mse adp-`m-KÃv henb \ymb-ap- ¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xmbn kÛ-Xn-®p-I-¾n-ºp-¾v. CXn-s\m-cáÄ-ta-bpèq; GsX-©nepw HÐnsÒ ]¢Ãv \nÐv hmZn-|p-ÐXv kmln-Xy-Ãn\v A\áÄ-am-sW-Ð-Xm-W-Xv. HSp-hnã \æ kmlnXyw D¾m-hp-tÚmç hmZnbpw {]Xnbpw HÐm-bn-Ão-cpÐ Ah-öbpw ImWm-dp-¾v.

AtÔmç kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ {]iv\w Zái-\hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-Xm-Wv, Ie-bp-ambnam{X-a-æ. Zái-\- hp-ambn _Ï-sÔº GXv Imcyhpw Pohn-X-hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-Xm-Wv. C\v{Zn-bm-\p-`q-Xn-I-fpsS aqey-hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-XmWv {]iv\w FÐv shdpsX kam-[m-\n-®n-cp-Ðmã {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-am-hp-I-bn-æ. Bhn-jvI-cn-|pÐ Pohn-Xhpambn _Ï-sÔ-º-XmWv kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ {]iv\w. `mjm kuÎ-cy-ÃnsÒ {]iv\hpw AXv X-sÐ-bm-Wv, FÐv kmcw.

`mj-bp-a-\mbn _Ï-sÔ-SpÃn kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ khn-ti-j-X-Iç ]cn-tim-[n-|m-hp-Ð-Xm-Wv.
* `mj-sb-Ðmã hm|p-I-fpsS ka-\z-b-am-Wv.
* GsX-©n-ep-samcp hm|v kuÎ-cy-]-c-amb KpW-ªç {]Im-in-Ôn-|p-tÚmç AXv kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn aqey-ap-è-Xmbn Xocp-Ðp.
* Bkzm-Z-I-cnã AáÄ-t_m-[-ap-¾m-|p-hmË Ign-bp-tÚmç hm|p-Iç|v kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-am-\-ª-fp-¾m- hp-Ðp.
* Bkzm-Z-I-cnã B\-Î-ap-f-hm-|mË Ign-bp-tÚmç Ahbv|v kuÎ-cy-aqeyw ssIh-cp-Ðp.
* hm|p-Iç Bhná`-hn-|pÐ kwkvIm-c-Ãn-sÒtbm ]mc-Ú-cy-Ãn-sÒtbm ]ëm-Ã-e-t_m[w ]I-cp-tÚmç Ahbv|v kuÎcyaq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* kmaq-ln-Itam cmjv{So-btam Bb ]cn-háÃ-\-Ãn\v klm-bn-|p-tÚmç hm|p-Iç|v kuÎ-cyaqey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* hnIm-tc-X-c-amb A\p-`q-Xn-Iç krjvSn-|p-tÚmç hm|p-Iç|v ku{Î-b-aq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* GIm-ÌXm t_m[w D¾m-|p-tÚmç , AXv hgn , BÇm-t\z-j-W-t{]-cW kr-jvSn-|p-tÚmç, hm|n\v kuÎ-cy-aq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.

C{Xbpw Imcy-ªç tIhew kmam-\yhpw GsX-©nepw kv|qfnsÒ klm-b-an-æmsX XsÐ a\-ün- em-|m-hp-Ð-Xp-am-Wv. ]Z-ª-fpsS khn-ti-j-amb Hcp kwLm-X-amWv Hcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn. ]Z-ªç efn-X-am-hmw, tIma-f-am-hmw, ITn-\-am-hmw, GXv Xc-Ãn-ep-è-Xp-am-hmw. ]Z-ª-fpsS kwLmXw GsX-©nepw Xc-Ãn-epè kuÎ-cy-aqeyw \náÛn-|p-tÚm-gmWv kmln-Xy-am-hp-Ð-Xv. GXv `mj-bnepw AXv C{]-Imcw XsÐ-bmWv kw`-hn-|p-Ð-Xv. kuÎ-cy-aqeyw \ná-Ûn-|-sÔ-Sp-Ð-Xm-I-tº, ]Z-ª-fpsS kwLmXw AáÄhpw B\-Îhpw \evIp-tÚm-gm-Wv. ]Z-ªç \evIpÐ kqN-\-Iç Bkzm-Z-Is\ kwkvIm-c-Ãn-sÒbpw kaq-l-Ãn-sÒbpw thcp-I-fn-te|v \bn-|p-tÚmç AXv Kuc-h-apè kmln-Xy-am-bn-am-dp-Ðp. ]Z-kw-LmXw kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-háÃ-\-Ãn-te|v \bn-|p-tÚmçkmlnXyw A\-\y-amb a\p-jy-tk-h\w \S-Ãp-Ðp. hnIm-c-]-c-amb A\p--`q-Xn-I-tfm-sSmÔw hnIm-tc-X-c-amb A\p-`q-Xn-Ifpw ]Z-kw-Lm-X-ªç \evI-Ww. kzÌw BÇm-hn-te|v t\m|mË Bkzm-Z-Is\ kmlnXyw t{]cn-Ôn-|-Ww. BÇm-t\z-j-W-amWv kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-ÃnsÒe-¢y-saÐv a\o-jn-Iç ]d-bp-ÐXv CXv sIm¾m-Wv.

Npcp-|-Ãnã `mj-bpsS kuÎ-cy-amWv kmln-Xyw. kmln-Xy-Ãn\v hnj-b-am-hp-ÐXv kmaq-lnI-km-Ú-Ãn-I-bm-YmáÄy-ª-fm-Wv. Ah-sh-dpsX Bhn-jvI-cn-|p-I-b-æ kmln-Xy-ÃnsÒ [áÛw, Ahbnãam-â-ª-fp-¾m-|p-Ibpw a\p-jy-Po-hnXw A`n-hr-Ên-sÔ-SmË klm-bn-|p-I-bp-am-Wv. AXnsÒ amá£-ª-fmWv kmln-Xy-Ãnse hnhn-[-kvIq-fp-IçNá®-sN-àp-Ð-Xv. cq]-Ãn\v {]m[m\yw \evI-Ww, `mh-Ãn\v DuÐã\-evIWw FsÐm-s|-bpè hmZ-ÃnsÒ kà C{X-am-{X-am-Wv. CsXms| kwt¢-]n®v Fta-gvk½ ]d-bp-ÐXv tIç|p-I: The Poet is the sayer, the namer, and represents beauty. He is a sovereign and stands on the centre. For the world is not painted or adorned, but is from the beginning beautiful; God has not made some beauiful things, but beauty is the creator of the universe. Therefore the poet is not any permissive potentate, but is emperor in his own right. (Ihn-bmWv h~m-hv, \ma-IáÃm-hv, Ihn kuÎ-cysà {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNàp-Ðp. ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmbv Ihn, tI{Î-_n-Îp-hmbn háÃn-|p-Ðp. temIÃn\v Bcpw Nmbw tX|p-Ðn-æ, temIsà Bcpw Aew-I-cn-|p-Ðp-an-æ. BZn-bnãXsÐ temIw kpÎ-c-am-Wv. ssZhw Ipsd kpÎ-c-h-kvXp-|çkr-jvSn-®-X-æ. kuÎ-cy-X-sÐ-bmWv {]]-³-kr-jvSn-\-S-Ãn-b-Xv. Bb-Xn-\mã Ihn Bcnã\n-sÐ-©nepw kÛXw e`n® B²m-\p-háÃn-b-æ, kzÌw \ne-bnãXsÐ k{am-ºm-Wv.). Fta-gvk½ AtX teJ-\-Ãnã (The Poet) XpScpÐp: The sign and credentials of the poet are that he announces that which no man foretold( aâmcpw apÚv ]d-¹n-º-næm-ÃXv ]d-bp-Ðp-sh-Ð-XmWv Ihn-bpsS AS-bm-fw, Ihn-bpsS hnizm-ky-X). ho¾pw for it is not the metres , but a metre-making argument that makes a poem- a thought so passionate and alive that like the spirit of a plant or an animal it has an architecture of its own, and adorns nature with a new thing. The thought and form are equal in the order of time, but in the order of genessis the thought is prior to the form.( OÎ-üæ IhnXbp-¾m-|p-Ð-Xv, Xmf-_-Ê-amb Hcp NnÌmcoXn-bmWv Ihn-X-c-Nn-|p-Ð-Xv;ktN-X-\hpw hn¢p-_v[-hp-amb Hcp NnÌ-bpsS coXn. kky-Ãn-tÒtbm arK-Ãn-sÒtbm {]mWË t]mse Ihn-Xbv|pw kzÌ-amb hmkvXp-in-ev]-ap-¾v, {]Ir-Xnsb AXv kzÌw hmkvXp-in-ev]-Ãmã A\p-{K-ln|pÐp; Ime-ÃnsÒ {Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v IW|v Iqºn-bmã NnÌbpw cq]hpw ka-am-Wv, FÐmã Dev]-Ãn-bpsS {Ia-Ãnã IW|v Iqºn-bmã NnÌ-bv|mWv cq]-tÃ-|mç {]mY-ay-ap-è-Xv). CXv Zái-\-Ãnse-{Z-hyhpw NnÌbpw XÛn-epè aqÔn-f-a-Ãá|-a-æm-ÃXv sIm¾v, kmln-Xy-Ãnã NnÌ-bv|mWv {]mYayw FÐ hmZw káêYm kzoIm-cy-am-bnÃo-cp-Ðp. KmÏn-b-Ñmá|pw amáIvkn-kvâp-Imá|pw Fæmw Hcp t]mse kzoIm-cy-am-th-¾-XmWv kmlnXysÃ-kw-_-Ïn® Cu hmZw. BÇm-hn-s\m-ÃmWv ico-c-ap-¾m-hp-I-sb-ÐmWv ChnsS ]d-¹-Xn-\áÄw. dmç^v t^mIvkpw CXv XsÐ-bmWv ]d-bp-Ð-Xv. The Novel And The People FÐIrXn cq]-Ãn-tÒbpw `mh-Ãn-tÒbpw {]iv\w ka-{K-amb Ná®bv|v hnt[-b-am-|p-Ðp-¾v.-H-Sp-hnã, Dè-S|w XsÐ-bmWv FÐmWv {KÍ-ÃnsÒ \nK-a-\w. Fta-gvksÒ thoughtDw dmç^v t^mIvknsÒ contentDw ^e-Ãnã HÐp-X-sÐ. content s\mÃmWv craft D¾m-hp-ÐXv.

kmln-Xy-Ãnã CXv `mj-bpsS klm-b-tÃm-sS-bm-Wp-¾m-hp-Ð-Xv. Gâhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]d-¹mã DNn-X-amb ]Z-hn-\ym-k-amWv `mj-bpsS kuÎcyw. FÐmã hæmà kmam-\y-h-XvI-c-W-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X-Ãnt\ kuÎ-cy-ap-¾-mhq FÐv [cn® Nneá ]Tn-Ôn® th¾m-Xo\sà A]-l-kn-|-\m-h-W-atæm ]gb Ihn ]\kn Zimbmw ]min “FÐv AÛ-tbmSv ]d-¹Xv? AtÛ N|n ]Ãm-b-Ãnã tIdn-bn-cn-|p-Ðp-shÐv! Ahn-sSbpw Ihn-bpsS [áÛw Aev]w ]cn-]m-en-|p-Ðp-¾v, N|n ]Ãm-b-Ãnã Ib-dn-bXv FÌn-\m-sW-sÐmÐpw ]d-¹n-ºn-æ-tæm. AXv [z\n-bm-Wv. Cu [z\nbpw ({]-Xn-[z-\n-b-æ) kqN-\-I-fpw-hgnbmWv `mj kmln-Xysà kpÎ-c-am-|p-Ð-Xv. Ah-km\w Aªns\ [z\n-kn-Êm-ÌÃnãh-sÐ-Ãn-tÔmb-sXm-Ðp-a-æ. [z\n-X-sÐ-bmWv kmln-Xy-ÃnsÒ Gâgpw \æ sSIv\n-|v. XI-gn-bpsS ]ºm-f-|m-cË FÐ IY-tbm, s]mËIpÐw há|n-bpsS iv_Zn-|pÐ IeÔ FÐ IYtbm ]cn-f-tim-[n-®mã aXn `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Nm-cpX a\-ün-em-|mË. hm|p-I-fpsS tIfn-sIm-sºmÐpw Cu IY-I-fn-æ. Nne kqN-\-Iç am{Xw.

XI-gn-bpsS {]i-kvX-amb c¾v t\mh-ep-Iç, (sNÛoË, c¾n-S-ªgn) C|m-cy-Ãnã _joáX-sÐ-bmWv kÚ-Ð-amb amXr-I-I-ç Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-|p-Ð-Xv. Ah-bpsS {Kmay`mj-bpsS Nmcp-X-aq-e-amWv Gsd kzoIm-cy-am-b-Xv. P\-`m-j -km-ln-Xy-ÃnsÒ HmP-ümbn amdpÐ ká£-kr-jvSn-I-fm-W-h. hmsam-gn-bpsS DuáP-amWv Cu t\mh-ep-Isf thdnºv \náÃp-Ð-Xv. sNÛo-\n\v khn-ti-j-amb Hcp Pohn-X-k-tÎiw t]mepw \evIm-\n-æ. F©nepw ISm-Ôp-dsà ac-bv|m-sÒbpw ac-bv|m-Ãn-bp-tSbpw `mj-bpsS i~-amb Nnd-Ip-I-fp¾v AXn-\v. Cu Nnd-Ip-I-fn-emWv AXv AXnáÃn-I-sf-æmw IS-Ðp-]-d-Ð-Xv. cW-A-Sn-S-ª-gn-bm-h-tº, Iáj-I-sÃm-gn-emfn Pohn-X-ÃnsÒ ]pe-bnepw sNfn-bn-ep-a-aáÐp-t]m-hp-Ð-A-Sn-öm-\-a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ãnse k©oáW-X-I-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Wv. cmjv{So-bhpw {]W-bhpw Ima-hpw-Fæmw AXn-ep-¾v. AXn-e-Ôpdw hbãPo-hn-Ã-XnsÒ ]pe-`m-j-bp-ap-¾v.

IS-Ôp-d-tÃbpw hb-te-e-I-fn-sebpwa\p-jyákw-km-cn#-I-IpÐ `mj Cu t\mh-ep-Iç|v Xo{h-amb Nmcp-X- tb-Ip-Ðp. \ntÐm-Spè kvt\lw sIm¾tæ RmË ChnsS hsÐ-Ãn-bXv? FÐv thiy-tbmSv ]d-bpÐ Ikvâ-a-tdmSv kvt\lw sIm¾v FtÒw tamtÒw ]in amdptam? FÐmWv Ahç tNmZn-|p-Ð-Xv. Cusbmcp tNmZyw am{Xw aXn i_vZ-ªç FÐ-Ir-Xn|v ae-bm-f-Ãnse Hcp ¡mkn-|mbn \ne-\n-ev|mË. Cu hmIy- ª-fnã i_vZm-tSm-]-an-æ, km[m-c-W-\n-e-bn-epè i_vZ-ku-Ip-am-cyw-t]m-ep-an-æ. t]am-cn-bpsS A]-cn-lm- cy-amb Icp-Wm-cm-lnXyw aqe-a-æ, ag-Im-c-W-am-bn-cpÐp Ipºn kv|qfnã hcmË sshIn-b-Xv. kvt\l- ÃnsÒ Imcyw ]d-bp-tÚmç FÌp-sIm-¾mWv Ahç hni-ÔnsÒ Imcyw ]d-bp-Ð-sXÐv Hcp sltUm-Wnkvâv am{Xta kwi-bn-|q. aâmcpw kwi-bn-|p-I-bn-æ. _joá \evIpÐ kqN-\-Iç Xnb-tUmá AtUmátWm- hnsÒ kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-c-ÃnsÒ km[q-I-c-W-am-hp-ÐXv AXv sIm¾m-Wv. \mw kvX_v[-cm-bn-tÔm-hpÐ kXy-ªçi©-Iq-SmsX ]d-bp-I-bmWv _joásN-àp-Ð-Xv. i_vZ-ª-fnse Cu eLp kw`m-jWw \ÛpsS bpÊm-\-Ìckmaq-ln-Im-h-ö-bpsS ITn-\-amb önXn-I-fn-te-|pè Nq¾p ]e-I-bm-Wv. C\n AYhm Gsd \nd-|q-ºpè `mj Dt]m-b-Kn-®p-t]m-hp-Ðp-s¾-©nã t]mepw s{_~n-s\-tÔmse B `mjm-Im-Tn\ytam Nmcp-Xtbm A]-\náÛn|pw hn[w CSbv|v IbdnbmYmáÄy-t_m[w D¾m-|p-Ibpw sNàp-Ðp¾v _joá. ]mÃp-Û-bpsS BSm-bmepw ÒpÔm-Ô-s|m-cm-t\-¾máÐp-hm-bmepw öe-]p-cm-W-ª-fm-bmepw A{X-am{Xw AáÄ-t_m-[-tÃmsSbmWv _joá`m-j-bp-]-tbm-Kn-|p-Ð-Xv. A\áL-\n-anjw t]mepè IrXn-I-fnã kmam-\y-amb AáÄ-Ãn-epè Imhy-`m-j-X-sÐ-bp-]-tbm-Kn-|p-ÐXv kÎá`w AXm-h-iy-sÔ-Sp-ÐXv sIm¾m-Wv.

]q\n-em-hnã FÐ IY-bn-em-bn-cp-Ðntæ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnse Gâhpw a[p-c-amb B Imhy-ku-Îcyw hgn- s¹m-gp-In-bXv?
B ]qhv \osbÌp sNbvXp?
GXv ]qhv?
c~-\-¢{Xw t]mse sNaÐv XpSpà B ]\n-\oá]qhv?
XnSp-|-sÔ-º-t\z-jn-|p-Ð-sX-Ìn\v?
Nhn-ºn-b-c-®p-I-f-t¹m-Ð-dn-bmË Nhn-ºn-b-c-®p-I-fs¹©n-seÌv?
Hm, HÐp-an-æ, FsÒ lrZ-b-am-bn-cp-Ðp AXv.

Cu IrXn-bnãX-sÐ-bm-bn-cp-Ðpthm `má£-ho-\n-e-b-Ãnse Nph-cnã tImdn-h-c-®nº Cu tcmZ\w \mw tIºXv?
IS-Ðp-t]m-hpÐ tl,
A²m-X-kp-lr-tÃ,
]mSp-hmË Ign-bp-sa-©nã
Hcp Ipfnã Km\-\n-izm-k-Ãmã
imÌ-tam-l-\-amb Pohn-X-ÃnsÒ
a[p-c-Km-\m-em-]-Ãmã
FsÐ-sbm-Ðp-d-|n-bnºv t]mhq.
FsÐ-sbm-Ðp-d-|n-bnºv t]mhq.
bpÊ-Ãn-s\-Ìn-\m-]pæv FÐv tNmZn-|pÐ \njvI-f-©-bmb X©-Û-tNm-Zn-|p-ÐXpw `mjm-{]-tbm-K-kzm-X-{Ìy-ÃnsÒ a[p-c-amb DZm-l-cWw XsÐ.

Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-hË \mbá, Sn.-]-Ç-\m-`Ë XpS-ªnb IYmIm-c-Ñmcpw `mjsb Gâhpw anX-Xz-Ãnepw HuNn-Xy-Ãnepw D]-tbm-Kn-®-h-cm-Wv. Bhn-jvI-cn-|pÐ Pohn-X-]-ëm-Ã-e-Ãn-\n-Wªpw hn[w `mjsb tabm-\-\p-h-Zn-|p-Itbm sIºn-bn-Sp-Itbm sNàp-Ðp-¾v, Fw.-Sn. “We are deluged with facts, but we have lost, or are losing, our human ability to feel them. Which means that we have lost or are losing our ability to comprehend the facts of our experience.” Bá®n-_mçUv am¡o-jv ]d-bpÐp. `mjA\p-`-h-ª-fpsS km¢y-am-bn-cpÐp Fw.-Sn. |v Gâhpw {][m-\-amb kwK-Xn.

Bá®n-_mçUv am¡o-jn-s\-tÔmse hkvXp-X-I-fpsS {]f-b-Ãnã A\p-`-h-ª-fpsS kv]áiw \jvS-am-hpÐ am\-h-Ip-e-sÃ-kw-_-Ïn-®pè thh-em-Xn-bn-emWv Fw.-Sn. FÐpw Ign-¹p-h-Ð-Xv. Akp-c-hn-Ãnepw \mep-sI-ºnepw D]-tbm-Kn® `mj-bpsS kuÎcyw Cu ]ëm-Ã-e-Ãn-emWv \mw Adn-bp- Ð-Xv. a¹n-se-Ãp-tÚmç, \jvS-sÔ-º-Zn-\-ªç FÐ kam-lm-c-Ãnse IY-I-fn-eq-dn-|q-Snb hnjm-Z-ÃnsÒ ]c-tIm-Sn-bnã\mw FÃn-t®-cp-Ðp. Fw.-Sn.-kzbw FÃn-t®áÐ Ah-ö-bn-te|v hmb-\-|msc ssI]n-Sn-®p -sIm-¾p-t]m-hp-ÐXv ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS A\ym-Zr-i-amb ku`m-Ky-ª-fn-sem-Ðm-Wv. Bá®n _mçUnsÒ Hcp- Ê-c-Wnbpw ]pkvX-I-ÃnsÒ XpS-|-Ãnã tNáÃn-ºp-¾v. a¹n-ep-d-¹p-Iq-Snb Zp:Jsà Fw.-Sn.-hn-h-cn-|p -ÐXv C{]-Im-c-amWv: Ime-ÃnsÒ ]md-s|-ºp-I-fnã a¹v hogp-Ðp, Dcp-Ip-Ðp, ho¾pw a¹nË]-S-e-ªç Dd¹p IqSn Iº-]n-Sn-|p-Ðp. tIh-e-amb Be-©m-cn-I-X-bv|-Ôpdw a¹n-e-h-X-cn-Ôn-|pÐ Pohn-Xw-ap-lqáÃ-ªç km[q-I-cn-|pÐ Hcp cN-\m-co-Xn-bmWv Fw.-Sn.-kzo-I-cn-|p-Ð-Xv.a¹nse ImYm-]m-{X-amb kp[oá Ip-amáan{i Hcn-|ã ]d--bp-Ðp¾v: IY BÇm-hnã\n-sÐm-gp-Ip-tÚmç Ihn-X-bm-sW-Ðv.Sn.-]-Ç-\m-`\pw am[-hn-|p-ºn-bp-saæmw km[q-I-cn-|pÐ B]vX-hmIyw t]mepè Hcp kw`m-j-W-amWv CXv.Bgvkvt]mb-ân-| -(Ars Poetica)sbÐ hnJym-X-amb cN-\-bnãBá®n-_mçUv amIv eojv Ihn-X-bpsS [áÛw FÌm-sWÐv \náê-Nn-|p-I-bmWvsNàp-Ð-Xv. tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn-epè ]gw t]mse ck-Icw, FÐmã \nî-_vZ-am-bn-cn-|Ww Ihn-X FÐv XpS-ªn, Ihn-X-sb-Ðmã ]¢n-I-fpsS ]d-|ãt]mse ]Z-c-ln-Xambn-cn-|Ww (A poem should be wordless as the flight of birds). FÐpw N-{ÎË Db-cp-ÐXv t]mse Ne-\-c-ln-X-am-bn-cn-|Ww IhnX (A poem should be motion less in time As the moon climbs).FÐpw Ihn Fgp-Xp-Ðp. HSp-hnã Ihn-Xbv|v AáÄ-aæ th¾-Xv, Bbn-Ão-c-emWv ( A poem should not mean, But be). FsÐgp-Xp-ÐXv Ihn-Xbv|v AáÄ-ap-¾m-bn-cn-|-cpXv FÐv \mw hmbn-s®-Sp-|p-I-bm-sW-©nã\ÛpsS Fgp-Ãp-Imsc \mw a\-ün-em-|msX t]mhpw. A\p-`-h-km¢yw D¾m |pw hn[-am-hWw cN-\, AXn--\p-è-Xm-hWw ]Z-kw-tbm-P\w FÐm-Wn-Xn-\áÄw.JeoãPn-{_m\pw Cu \nî-_vZ-X-sb-Ôân ]d-bpÐp: \nî-_vZ-X-bpsS \Zn-bnã\nÐv ]m\w sNbvX-æmsX\nªç|v kXy-Ãnã ]mSm -\m-hn-æ/ ]áê-X-irw-K-Ãnã FÃn-|-gn-¹mã \nªç Ib-dmËXp-Sªpw/ `qan \nª-fpsS Ah-b-h-ªç kzÌ-am-|n-bmãam-{Xta\nªç kXy-Ãnã \rÃ-am-Sp-I-bp-èq.

Gâhpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn `mjsb D]-tbm-Kn® Ihn-bmWv Sn. Fkv. Fen-bºv . April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain. FÐmWv Xcn-ip-`qan Bcw-`n-|p-Ð-Xv. hk-Ìm-K-a-ÃnsÒkq-NIambnG{]nã Gâhpw Bÿm-Z-I-c-amb amk-sa-ÐmWv ]d-tb-¾n-bn-cp-Ð-Xv. FÐmã {]Ir-X-Ãnse Cu G{]nã bpÊm-\-ÌcG{]n-em-Wv. AXv sIm¾mWv G{]nã Gâhpw {Iqc-amb amk-am-bn-Ão-cp-Ð-Xv. arX-`q-an-bnã\nÐv enem|v ]q|ç hnf-bn-|pÐ amk-am-bn-amdn AXv, hnc-k-amb thcp-Isf hk-Ì-Im-e-a-g-bn-b-en- f-|n, HmáÛ-tbbpw {]Xm--i-tbbpw an{i-Ww-sN-àpÐ amk-ambn amdn G{]nã. hk-ÌáÃp-hnã Fªns\ PohnXw Xcn-im-|-sÔ-Sp-Ðp-shÐv `mj-bpsS]mI-sÔ-Sp-Ã-en-eqsS Xcn-ip-`q-an-bn-em-hn-jvI-cn-|pÐp Fen-b-ºv.

kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS `mjsb kar-Ê-am-|pÐ hnZy-bmWv kmln-Xyw. Gâhpw Ipd-¹-hm-|p-Iç \ºv Gâ-hp-a-[nIw hnf-sh-Sp-|pÐ hnZy-bm-W-Xv. ]pXn-b-I-hn-I-fn-sem-cmç Cu hnZysb Bhn-jvI-cn-|p-ÐXv A\ym-Zr-i-amb Ic-hn-cp-tXm-sS-bmWv:

]qÃp-\n-ev|pÐ ]qhnsÒ kuc`yw sImgn-¹p-t]m-Ip-tam-sbÐv `b-Ðv,
AXnsÒ Igp-Ã-dpÃv ]pkvX-I-Ãm-fp-Iç|-I-Ãp-kq¢n®v,
kam-[m\w ]qIp-sa-tÐmSv
sIme-]m-X-I-ª-sf-|p-dn®v HÐpw tNmZn-|-cp-Xv.

]pXnb-Im-e-ÃnsÒ Igp-Ã-dp-ÔË amXr-I-Iç kqNn-X-am-IpÐ Cu hcn-I-fnã Ihn-X-\-jvS-am-hm-Xn-cn -|m-\pè AZ-ay-amb Zmlw {]I-S-am-Wv. FÌnã\nÐpw ]em-b\w sNàpÐ am\-kn-Im-h-ö-bn-te|v \bn-|-sÔ-SpÐ bph-X-bpsS th]Yp Cu hcn-I-fnã {]I-S-am-Wv.
CÐv ag-s]-bvXn-d-ªp-ÐXv FsÒ s\³n-\-I-ÃmWv FÐv Ihn-]-d-bp-tÚmç agbpw a¹pw Gâp hmªm-\pè bph-X-bpsS kÐ-ÊX, \nd-a-\üv Bhn-jvI-cn-| -sÔ-Sp-I-bm-Wv. k^-e-ao-bm-{X-bn-eqsS I|mSpw ag-Ãpèn XpS-ªnb Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS kpK-X-Ip-am-cnbpw \nd-s®psh® `mj-bpsS Bá{Z-ku-Î-cy-\w ]pXn-b-I-hn-I-fnepw ImWp-Ðp-s¾Ðv kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bmw.

Ime-an-\n-bp-ap-cpfpw, hnjp-h-cpw,
hájw hcpw Xncp-thmWw hcpw,
]nsÐ tbmtcm-X-fn-cn\pw ]qhcpw Imbv hcpw-
AsÔm- -gm-sc-Ðp-sa-sÌÐpamá-|-dnbmw
FÐv I|mSpw

iymta hnj-Á-bmbv \nevt|¾ t]mI\o
Rm\p-a-sÔmã|p-gã tIºtæm
FtÐ XpS-ªnb eoe-bn-Xn-ªs\
\sÛ-|p-g-|p-hm-\m-Wtæm \æXv
\nËIp-fn-cn-ânâp hoW-sXË
s]mèpÐs\ân-ta-em-W-tæm.
FÐv kpK-X-Ip-am-cnbpw ]mSp-tÚmç Ah-cpsS Km\-e¢yw km¢m-XvIr-X-am-hp-Ðp-¾-tæm.
amwk-ÃnËZp-aq-Ã-sXm-ºp-gn-b-enã\nÐvamdn,
{]mW-\nãtXªpw a[p-c-{]-W-b-ª-sfæmw
]mSn-\n-ev|p-I-btæm Ihn-- sbÐv
thsdmcp Ihn ]mSp-tÚmç XpSn-|pÐ ]Z-ku-Î-cy-ÃnsÒ tim` \mw km¢y-sÔ-Sp-Ãp-I-XsÐ thWw.
hoSv P]vXn-sN-àp-tÚmç, tNmc-s]m-Sn-bpÐ BIm-i-Ãnse shf-p-Ã-]-¢n-I-fpsS DXvI-WvT-tbmsS, Hcp sImSpw Imâv hcpw FÐv]mSpÐ Ihn kaq-l-ÃnsÒ eo\Zp:Jª-en-te|v ]Z-ª-fpsS hmXnã Xpd-Ðn-Sp-I-bmWv sNàp-Ð-Xv.

\æ IpSpw-_-ª-fnse s]½Ip-ºn-Iç
]ºw ]d-Ôn-|p-Ðnæ
]º-ªç|v \nd-ª-fp¾v
\nd-ªç|v B{K-l-ªç
B{K-l-ª-fm-hsº IpÃn t\mhn-|pÐp
FÐv XpSªn cXn kmIvtk\ s]½Ip-ºn-I-fpsS ZpcÌw Ah-X-cn-Ôn-|p-tÚmç, AhnsS `mjbn se efn-X-]-Z-ª-fpsS Kcn-a-háÊn-|p-Ibpw ]Z-hn-\ym-k-ÃnsÒ A]qáê-amb Hcp \h-am-Xr-I-kr- jvSn-|-sÔ-Sp-Ibpw sNàp-Ðp. FsÒ \¦-X- ln-a-Ãn-eqsS \nÐn-te|v ]Xn-|pÐp FÐ \o¾- ioáj-I-apè\o¾- Ihn-X-bnã aln-PbpwCXv XsÐ sNàp-Ðp.
Fgp-Xp-sÐ-©nev /Fæm kz]v\-ªfpw/Ihn-X-bm-sW-sÐmÐpw ]d-bmsX
hf-cp-sÐ-©nev /sXªn-s\-tÔmse/sNdp-Im-ân-en-f-Ip-ÐXv t]mepw/aâmcpw ImWmsX FÐv at\mPv Ipdqá Fgp-Xp-tÚmgpw \mw `mj-bpsS IcpÃv Fªns\ Bhm-ln-s®-Sp-|mË Ihn-Iç|v Ign-bp-saÐv a\-ün-em-|p-Ðp.
My heart trembled/ Wishing to Write a poem/I began to look for it/Looking at the clouds above/On my way to School/I saw darkness and sorrow.
Ihn-X-bvt|z¾n taL-Ká`-ª-fn-teIvI IÁ-b-®-tÔmç, AhnsS Ccpºpw Zp:Jhpw am{Xw ImWp-I-bmWv Ihn.XnI®pw efn-X-amWv ]Z-ªç. AáÄ-a-dn-bmà Hcp-hm-|p-an-æ. FÐmã hm|p-I-fpsS hn\ymkw Bkzm-Z-Is\ IqSp-Xã AKm-[hpw hnkvXr-X-hp-amb am\-hZp:Jª-fn-te|v B\-bn-|p-Ðp. `mj-bpsS emfn-Xy-Ãn-eqsS Pohn-X-am-hn-jvI-cn-|p-I-bmWv SáIn-jvI-hn-bmb ^ntU FáIË ChnsS sNàp-Ð-Xv. GIm-Ì-X-sb-Ô-ân-bpè at\m-²-amb Hcp cN-\-bnepw ^ntU emfn-Xy-ÃnsÒ Cu hgn kzoI-cn-|p-Ðp-¾v.