""s_bv-dqÃv- \KcÃnã-
]ebn-Sªfn-em-bn- Nn-Xdn-tÔm-b
FsË-d bu-h\Im-e kp-lr-Ãp-|tf,-
B ss]Ë-ac|m-Sn-sË-dtbm-csÃ
skan-tÃcn-|cn-In-eq-sS ISÐp-t]m-Ip-tÚmç-
\n-ªç- \n-î_v-Zcm-bn-
AXn-\p-ènte|v- t]mIWw.-
acn®hcp-sS \n-{Zsb Atem-kcsÔSp-Ãm-Ã
hn-[w- \n-î_v-Zam-bn,- ar-Zp-hm-bn-
\SÐp-IbdWw.- skã-abp-sS Ipgn-am-SÃn-\cn-Inã-
hn-\btÃm-sS \n-Ðv- Ahfp-sS ico-cw-
hn-ebn--® B aÁns\ A`n-hm-Zyw-
sNbv-Xv- \n-ªç- Hcp- Zoá-L\n-izm-ktÃm-sS
FsË-d \m-aw- D®cn-|Ww.-FÐn-ºv-
]dbWw-: km-Kcªç-|Ôp-dÃv-
t{]aÃn-sË-d XShp-Im-c\m-bn-
Po-hn-|p-Ð Pn-{_m-sË-d tam-lªsfm-s|bpw-
Chn-sS Ip-gn-®n-ºn-cn-|p-Ðp.-
Chn-sSbm-Wv- AhË- \jv-Sam-bXv.- AhsË-d
IÁp-\oá- Ip-Xn-á-Ð
aÁm-Wn-Xv.- Chn-sSbm-Wv- AhsË-d
aÎlm-kw- hn-kv-ar-Xam-bXv.-
FsË-d {]n-b kJm-|tf! \nªç-
kv-t\ln-® I\y-IIfp-sS \m-aÃnã-
RmË- At]¢n-|p-Ðp.- FsË-d
{]n-bXabp-sS,- Ghcm-epw- D-t]¢n-|sÔº
Cu- Ip-gn-am-SÃnã- \n-ªfpw-
Hcp- ]p-jv-]N{Iw- Aá-Ôn-|p-I.-
sIm-gn-bp-hmË- t]mIp-Ð ]\n-\oá-
]pjv-]Ãn-sË-d Zeªfnã-
Djün-sË-d IÁp-Ifnã-\n-Ðpw-
Câp-ho-gp-Ð Xp-jm-cIWªç-t]m-sebm-Wv-
\n-ªç- skã-abp-sS Ip-gn-am-SÃnã-
Aá-Ôn-|p-Ð ]q-|ç.''-
(HSn-¹ Nn-dIp-Iç-:
Jeoã- Pn-{_mË-)
Pn-{_m-sË-d
"se_t\m½'- CÐv- C{ktbã-
CSn-®p- XIá-Ã Hcp- kz-]v-\Ãn-sË-d
iv-aim-\am-Wv.- Jeoã- Pn-{_m-sË-d
km-Ìz-\ªtfm- skã-am-
Idm-an-bp-sS kv-t\ltam,- P\m-[n-]Xy-Ãn-sË-d
km-Ðn-[ytam,- kmá-htZio-b acym-ZIfp-sS
CSs]Sep-Itfm- HÐpw- CÐv- s_bv-dq-Ãn-ã-
\mw- Adn-bp-Ðn-æ.- km-{am-Py-Xz-
]n-Ìp-Wbp-s¾©nã-
Bá-|pw- FÌp-w- km-[y-am-Ip-sÐm-chkv-Ybm-Wv-
tem-IÃm-sI taã-t|mbv-a kv-Ym-]n-®p-sIm-¾n-cn-|p-ÐXv.-
"B ]gb tkm-hn-bâv- bq-\n-b\p-¾m-bn-cp-sЩnã'-
FÐv- iv-aim-\Ãn-en-cp-Ðv-
skã-am- Idm-an-bpsS BXv-am-hpw- a{Ìn-|p-Ðp-¾m-hWw!
"A`bmá-Yn-Iç'- A`bcln-Xcm-b
Ahkv-Ybnã- cm-Py-ªçtXm-dpw-
"am-dm-Ôp'-Iç-t]m-epw
FSp-|m-\hkcw- In-ºm-sX Hm-Sp-ÐXn-\n-Sbnã-
"shÌv- shÁo-dm-IptÚmç'-
\n-ülm-bam-hp-ÐXv- \Ûp-sS
a\p-jy-Xz-tÃm-sSm-Ôw- \Ûp-sS
`m-jbp-am-Wv.- A`bmá-Yn-Iç-
"A`bcln-Xam-b'- Hchkv-Ybnã-
A`bat\z-jn-®v- Aebp-tÚmç-
\Ûfhsc FÌv- hn-fn-|pw?- Ahcp-sS
AÌan-æm-Ã Ae®n-ep-Iç-
\ná-hn-Im-ccm-bn am-{Xw- t\m-|n-\nã-|p-Ð
\Ûsf Ahcpw- Xn-cn-®v- FÌv-
hn-fn-|pw?-
"FsË-d
Gâhpw- ]p-Xn-b Ihn-X FsË-d cm-Py-am-Ip-Ðp'-
FÐ Zmá-hn-jn-sË-d Hscm-â
hcn-|p- ap-Únã- Hcp- alm-in-ev-]Ãn-sË-d
ap-Ðn-seÐt]m-e \Ûç-
\n-î_v-Zcm-bn- \n-Ðp-t]m-Ip-Ðp.-
AXn-sÐ{X S½- `m-cw- Im-Wp-saÐv-
]dbp-I {]bm-kam-Wv.- AXn-ÐIÃv-
Xn-cXæp-Ð AÌx-kw-Lá-jªfp-sS
kap-{ZiIv-Xn- F{X hcp-saÐv- {]hNn-|p-I
Akm-[y-am-Wv.- ""Hcn-|ã-
Rªç- Hcp- P\Xbm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
CtÔmç- Rªç Iæp-Ifm-IpÐp.-
Hcn-|ã- Rªsfm-cp- cm-Py-am-bn-cp-Ðp.-
CtÔmç- Rªç- ]p-Ibm-Ip-Ðp.''-
IÁo-cpw- tNm-cbp-w- Ip-dp-In-b hm-|p-Isf
kq-¢n-|Ww.- AXv- I\ã-|ºt]m-se
s]m-èn-|pw-.- ""Xn-ÐmË-
tKm-XÚpw- Ip-Sn-|mË- shèhpw-
\ap-|v- In-ºp-Ðn-sæ©n-ã-
\Ûç- \Ûp-sS kv-t\lw-
Xn-Ðp-Ibpw- IÁo-cv- Ip-Sn-|p-Ibpw-
sNàWw-.''- ]ekv-XoË- ]o-Un-Xam-b
kz-Ìw- \n-e\n-ev-]n-s\ {]t¢m-`am-|n-
am-âm\p-è Hcm-lzm-\am-bn kzbw-
s]m-ºn-sÃdn-|p-Ibm-Wv.- ap-dn-hp-Ifn-ã-\n-Ðv-
tNm-c hmá-sÐm-gp-Ip-tÚm-gp-w-
A[n-\n-thiÃn-s\Xn-sc Ahá--
ap-jv-Sn- Np-cp-ºp-Ðp.- Icbp-tÚm-gpw-
Ahá- A\o-Xn-s|Xn-sc Ieln|p-Ðp.-
]ºw- ]dÃn-bpw- ]Úcw-
Id|nbpw- Ifn-t|¾ sIm-®p-Ip-ºn-Iç-t]m-epw-
]dbp-ÐXv- ""DÛm- F\n-s|m-cp-
cIv-Xkm-¢n-bm-IWw''- FÐmWv.- Ahá-
Ip-Xn-|p-ÐXv- Ifn-|fÃn-te|æ,-
]S\n-eªfn-te|mWv.- tem-IÃn-se
"ká-hiIv-X'-saÐv- kz-bw-
sXân-Êcn-|p-Ð Hcp- km{am-Py-Xz-iIvXn-|pw-
AXn-sË-d in-©n-Sn-Iç-|p-saXn-sc
Iæp-Iç-sIm-¾m-Whá-
{]Xntcm-[ÃnsË-d tIm-ºIç-
\náan-|p-ÐXv! kz-Ìw- ap-dn-hv-
tXSp-Ð Hcp- tNm-cÃp-èn-sb|p-dn-®v-
Zmá-hn-jv- Fgp-Xn-bXv- Akz-kv-YP\Iam-bn-
\sÛ s]m-Xn-bp-Ðp.-
s]t{SmtUm-fdn-\v- apÚnã- km-jv-Smw-Kw-
{]Wan-|p-Ðhcpw- tem-Iam-kI-eap-è
km-{am-Py-Xz- tkhIcpw- `o-IcXIsf|p-dn-®v-
\ncÌcw- H®sh|p-Ð en-_dep-Ifpw-
C{km-tbã- `o-IcXIfp-sS tIm-Úæp-Iç-
a\p-jy-Xz-Ãn-em-gv-Ðacp-tÚmç-
Rªsfm-Ðp-adn-¹n-sæÐ
aºnã- \n-î_v-Zcm-Wv.-
]ekv-XoË- "`cWIq-S'-sÃXsÐ
XShn-en-ºpw,- Ip-ºn-Isfbpw- kv-{Xo-Isfbpw-
Iq-ºs|m-e sNbv-Xpw-,- 1982-se `bm-\Iam-b
e_t\m½- A`bmá-Yn-Iym-Úm-{IaWsÃ
A\p-kv-acn-Ôn-|pw-hn-[w- s_bv-dq-Ãns\
ISÐm-{Ian-®pw- A[n-\n-thiÃn-sË-d
"_pç-tUm-ká' Ip-Xn-|p-tÚmç-
sFIy-cm-jv-{Sk`bS|ap-è AÌm-cm-jv-{S
kv-Ym-]\ªç- ]p-eá-Ãp-ÐXv-
Ip-âIcam-b au-\am-Wv.- bp- FË-
HbpsS Dènã- CtÔmç-
an-Sn-|p-ÐXv- "\m-tâm'-bp-sS
lr-Zbam-Wv.- \m-Sp-ISÃn-bm-epw Rªfn-hn-sS\n-Ðv-
t]m-hn-sæÐpw shSn-bp-¾Iç-|v-
Rªfp-sS hgn-Ifnã- Xp-fIç-
ho-gvÃm\m-hn-sæÐpw- kz-ÌsÔºsXæmw-
\jv-SsÔº Hcp- hw-iw- hn-Im-chn-hiam-bn-
hnfn®p-]dbp-Ibm-Wv.- ""\Ûfo-
`q-an-bp-sS a|fm-sW©nã- Ahç-
\tÛm-Sv- Icp-W Im-tº¾n-bn-cn-|p-Ðp.''-
Btcm- hn-ká-Pn-® Cu-®bm-á-|p-Ð
DÃcªsf Xèn-am-ân-s|m-¾v-
Zm-á-hn-jv- tNm-Zn-|p-Ðp.- ""Ahkm-\sÃ
AXnáÃn-bpw- ap-dn-®p-ISÐv-
Rªsfhn-sStÔm-Im-\m-Wv?- Ahkm-\sÃ
BIm-iÃn-\p-aÔp-dtÃ|v-
]¢n-Iç- Ftªm-ºv- ]d|m-\m-Wv?''-
\n-ªfo- hn-Xp-ÚensË-d hen-hp-Iç-
tIç-|p-Ibntæ?- ""Ip-Sn-bn-d|sÔSpw-
Iq-ºtc ]dbphnË-! ]dbp-hnË-
FXv- cm-jv-{S|má- \n-ªç''-
FÐ B "]gb' am-\hn-IXbp-sS kq-cyË-
Akv-Xan-®p-t]m-tbm?- BXv-at_m-[ap-è
Hcp- ]ekv-XoË-Im-c\pw- CÐv- Hâ|æ.-
Ahá-s|m-Ôw- s]m-cp-Xn- acn-®hcp-sSbpw-
s]mcp-Xn- Po-hn-|p-Ðhcp-sSbpw- ]SbWn-bp-¾v.-
Pz-en-|p-Ð Hmá-aIfp¾v.-
]ekv-Xo\n-se iv-aim-\ªç-t]mepw-
kactI{Ϊfm-bn- \m-sf Icp-Ãmá-Pn-|p-w.-
"\jv-SsÔSp-hmË- iha³ªç-
am-{Xw-'- FÐ Zmá-hn-jn-sË-d
Ip-dp-In-b hcn-bnã-\n-Ðv- kw-Lá-j`cn-Xam-b
]ekv-XoË- Po-hn-XÃn-sË-d
DXv-km-l`cn-Xam-b Duá-Pw- XsÐbm-Wv-
Xn-f®padn-bp-ÐXv.- {]n-bsÔtºm-cp-sS
Nn-Xdn-tÔm-b amw-k®ofp-Iç-
tNá-Ãp-sh®v- kz-ÌsÔtºm-cp-sS
HtcItZi Nn-{Xw-t]m-epw- hc|m-\m-hm-sX Xmã-|m-en-Iam-sb©n-epw-
XeNp-ân- \n-Ðpt]m-Ip-Ð Hcp-
P\Xbp-sS A\p-`ham-Wv- Zmáhn-jv- "Km-k
Hm-d³p-Iç- hnã-|p-Ðn-æ.-
Ah Sn-Ðp-Ifn-em-|n-b Ahfp-sS cIv-Xam-Ip-Ðp'-
FÐ c¾v- hcn-bnã- Aaá-Ãp-ÐXv.-
Iq-ºs|m-ebp-sS \n-e|m-Ã Xp-Sá-®Iç-
B sIm-®p-hcn-Ifnã- `bm-\Iam-b
\n-î_v-ZXtbm-sS Np-cp-¾p-In-S|p-Ibm-Wv.-
kz-Ìw- ho-ºnã-\n-Ðpw-
ASn-®n-d|sÔº Ad_n-bp-sS Bá-Ã\m-Zw-
]m-ekv-XoË- ]m-SÃn-eq-sS A\m-Yam-bn-
Hm-Sp-tÚmç- knb-Wn-kv-âp-Ifp-sS
s\dn-t]m-b \o-Xn- hn-Pbelcn-bnã-
Xp-èp-Ðp! "Km-k'bn-sebpw-
"shkv-âv-t_©n'-sebpw- ih|q-Úm-cªç-|v-
ap-Ifnã- knb-Wn-kv-âp-Iç-
hºan-ºv- ]d|p-Ðp.- Atacn-|bp-sSbpw-
{_n-ºsË-dbpw- ]n-Ìp-Wtbm-sS
]ekv-XoË- hntam-N\kacsà hn-gp-ªm-\m-hp-saÐv-
C{ktbã- tam-ln-|p-Ðp.-
Km-k ISenã-
ap-ªn-tÔm-Ip-ÐXv- Im-Wm-\m-Wv-
knbWn-kv-âv- \m-bI\m-b d_nË-
tam-ln-|p-ÐXv.- Hm-d³p-Iç-
Km-kbnã- sIºpt]m-Ip-ÐXv-
Xn-Ðm-\m-fn-æm-¹n-ºæ,-
hm-ªm-\há-|v- ]Wan-æm-¹n-ºm-Wv-
(Peace
& its discontents: Edward said)
]ekv-XoË- AtXm-dn-ân-|v- \ym-bam-bpw-
e`nt|¾ ]Wwt]m-epw- C{km-tbã-
\ã-Ip-Ðn-æ.- cm-jv-{So-bam-bn-
am-{Xaæ km-ÚÃn-Iam-bpw-
kmw-kv-Im-cn-Iam-bpw- Hcp- P\Xsbbpw,- PÑcm-Py-sÃ|p-dn-®p-è
Ahcp-sS katcm-Xv-kp-Iam-b kz-]v-\ªsfbpw-
kÚqá-Wam-bn- kw-lcn-|m-\p-è
B{Im--aIam-b {iaªç-|m-Wv- C{k-tbepw-
Atacn-|bpw- t\Xr-Xzw- \ã-Ip-ÐXv.-
kw-Lá-jIm-eªfnã- Iq-ºs|m-e
\SÃnbpw- km-ÚÃn-Iam-bn-
izm-kw- apºn-®pw- ,- ]ekv-Xo\nã-A]qá-ham-b
kam[m-\Im-eÃv- A\m-hiy- ]cn-tim-[\Ifpw
Akly-am-b \n-b{ÌWªfpw- ASn-t®ã-Ôn-®pw-
Hcp- P\kaq-lÃn-sË-d PÑsÃXsÐ
hn-Nm-cWm- hnt[bam-|p-Ð- `cWkw-hn-[m-\am-Wv-
C{ktben-ep-èXv.- FÐn-ºpw-
a[y-]u-ckv-Xy-tZisà Cu- `o-Ic aXcm-jv-{Sam-Wv-
km-{am-Py-Xz-Ãn-sË-d Im-gv-NÔm-Snã-
a[y-]u-ckv-Xy-tZisà GI "P\m-[n-]Xycm-Pyw-'-!
P\m-[n-]Xy-cm-ln-Xy-Ãn-sË-d
am-cIam-Xr-Ibm-bn- am-dn-|gn-¹ C{k-tben-sË-d
Im-]Sy-am-Wv,- ]-ekv-Xo-\n-sË-d tZio-bKm-\saÐv-
"Z Iz-kv-âË- Hm-^v- ]ekvXo-\n'-ã-
FtU-z-á-Uv- skbv-Zv- hn-tijn-Ôn-|p-Ð
alaq-Zv- Z-m-á-hn-jn-sË-d "sFUË-dn-ân-
Imá-Uv-'- \n-há-Ðv- \n-Ðv-
tNm-Zyw- sNàp-ÐXv.- GsXm-cp-
cm-Py-Ãn-epw- \n-e\nã-Ip-Ð
"]cn-tim-[\'-Isf ]cam-h[n- ]o-U\am-|n-Xoá-|mË-
Ign-¹ tem-IÃnse GI cm-jv-{Sam-Wv-
C{k-tbã-.- ""sN|v- t]m-kv-âp-Ifnã-
Ip-¹n-\v- Po-hË- \ã-tI¾n-hcp-Ð
lX`m-Ky-cm-b DÛam-cp-sS \m-Sv- ]ekv-XoË-
am-{Xam-Wv''- FsÐm-scm-â hkv-Xp-X
aXn- C{km-tbã- ]cn-tim-[\Ifp-sS alXz-w-
a\ün-em-|mË.- Bcp-adn-bm-sX sN|v-t]m-kv-âp-Iç-|n-Sbnã-
am-{Xw- Nn-Xdn-tÔm-hp-Ð F{Xsb{X
Po-hn-Xªç-.- ]t¢ ]ekv-XoË-
Ad_n-|v- t]cpw- \m-fpw- taã-hn-em-khp-an-æ.-
Ahá-|v- Ahcp-sS Xn-tcm-[m-\sÃ|p-dn-t®má-Ãv-
s\³ÃSn-®v- Icbp-Ð Ip-Spw-_ªfn-æ.-
Ahá Imt\jp--am-cn-bn-se achn-®
B|w- am-{Xw! FÐmã- shkv-âv-
t_©n-se Hcp- kbWn-kv-âv- Pq-X
Ip-Sn-tbâ|m-cË- sIm-æsÔSp-tÚmç,-
c¾v- C{ktbã- ]ºm-f|má-
_În-Ifm-|sÔSp-tÚmç-
Ahá-|v- t]cpw- taã-hnem-khp-ap-¾v-!
Ahá- a\p-jy-cm-Wv.-
Ad_n-Iç-
Ck{tbã- Im-gv-NÔm-Snã-
"Ccp-Im-en-am-Sp-Ifm'-Wv; "A]qá-W
a\p-jy-cm-Wv'.- ""Hcp- ]ekv-Xo-\n-bË-
Ip-¹v- ]n-d|p-ÐXn-s\-|p-dn-®v-
k©ã-Ôn-|p-tÚmç-
F\n-|v- Ddªm-\m-hp-Ðn-sæ''-Ðv-
"]d¹Xv- "tKmç-Um-sabá'-
Bbn-cp-Ðp.- 1982 se Ip-{]kn-Êam-b
km-{_-jm-ân-e Iq-ºs|m-ebnã,--
Ká-`n-Wn-Ifm-b kv-{Xo-Isf Ip-ºtÃm-sS
sIm-ÐXn-\v- C{km-tbã- `cWm[n-Im-cnIç-
]d¹ \ym-bw- Chn-Ssà Ká-`n-Wn-Iç-
"`o-Icsc'-am-{Xta {]khn-|p-Ibp-èq-'-
FÐm-bncp-Ðp-! CÃcsam-cp-
]iv-Nm-ÃeÃnã- hm-bn-|p-tÚm-gm-Wv-
Zm-á-hn-jn-sË-d "sFUË-dn-ân-
Imá-Uv'- FtUzá-Uv- skbv-Zv-
hn-iZam-|p-ÐXp-t]m-se- ]ekv-Xo-sË-d
tZio-bKm-\am-bn- hn-iz-kn-|p-ÐXnsËd
s]m-cp-ç- sXfn-bp-ÐXv.- "Fgp-Xn-sbSp-tÃm'-
(Record)
FÐ {]kv-Xp-X Ihn-Xbn-se Hscm-â
]Zw- aXn- kXy-Ãnã- AXn-sË-d
kv-t^m-S\iIv-Xn- Adn-¹\p-`hn-|p-ÐXn-\v-!
""Rm-s\m-cd_n-,- Ip-ºn-Iç-
Fºv,- Fgp-Xn-sbSp-tÃm.- shdpsam-cp-
kw-Pv-Rm-\m-aw- am-{Xw...- am-dm-tÔcpw-
kv-Ym-\tÔcpw- HÐpw- F\n-|n-æ...''-
hy-Iv-XXbp-sS DdÔp-è kq-Nn-|p-Ãp-Iç-sIm-¾m-Wv-
kÚq-á-Wmá-YÃnã,-
\n-ehnã- hÐn-ºn-æm-Ã
Hcp- cm-jv-{SÃnsËd- tZio-bKm-\w-
Zmá-hn-jv- ]q-cn-Ôn-®n-cn-|p-ÐXv-!
sIèbSn-|sÔº aÎlm-kªfpw-
Ip-cn-in-teâsÔº kz-]v-\ªfpw-
in-Yn-eam-|sÔº Po-hn-Xªfpw-
tNm-c]p-c¾ Np-hcp-Ifpw CÐv- DÐbn-|p--Ð
tNm-Zy-ªç-|v- \m-sf kbWn-khpw-
km-{am-PyXz-hpw- Ncn-{XÃn-sË-d
tIm-SXn-bnã-- DÃcw- ]dtb¾n-hcpw.-
]ekv-XoË- CÐv- ]©p-sh|p-ÐXv-
]n-dÐ aÁnã-\n-Ðv-
Nhn-ºn-Ôp-dÃm-|sÔº
P\Xbp-sS ]n-S®n-em-Wv.- thcdp-|sÔº
Hcp- P\Xbp-sS thZ\bp-sS hen-hp-Ifm-WXnsË-d
lr-Zbªfnã- CÐpw- hn-eªn-
\nã-|p-ÐXv-.- kz-Ìw- cm-jv-{SsÃ
Ahá- kq-¢n-®n-cn-|p-ÐXv-
kz-Ìw- lr-ZbÃn-epw- Xet®m-dn-ep-am-Wv.-
Cªs\sbm-cp- cm-jv-{Shpw- Cªs\sbm-cp-
P\Xbpw- tem-IÃv- thsdbn-æ.-
kw-`h_lp-eam-b kz-Ìw- Ncn-{Xam-Wv-
CÐhcp-sS I½-ap-Únã-
IÃn-Ãoá-Ð Hcp-
Nm-c|q-Úm-cam-bn- ]á-hX kam-\w-
in-cüp-bá-Ãn- IÃn-\nã-|p-ÐXv.-
GXv- {]Xn-k\v-[n-bn-epw- s]m-cp-Xp-Ð,-
Ip-gn-®p-aq-Sp-tÚm-gpw- Xg®p-hfcp-Ð
]ekv-Xo-\n-bË- BXv-aho-cy-Ãn-\v-
AÌyw-Ip-dn-|m-\p-è Bkq-{Xn-X
{iaam-Wv- Atacn-|Ë- km-{am-Py-Xz-ÃnsË-d
]n-Ìp-Wtbm-sS AXy-Ìw- B{Im--aIam-bn-
ká-h AÌcm-jv-{SXXz-ªsfbpw-
XIá-Ãp-sIm-¾v- CtÔmç-
Actªdn-s|m-¾n-cn-|p-ÐXv.-
Hcp- cm-jv-{SsÃÃsÐ XShn-en-Spw-hn-[ap-è
Im-SÃam-Wv- ]ekv-Xo-\n-epw- e_t\m-Wn-epw-
CtÔmç- sIm-Sn- ]dÃp-ÐXv.-
tkm-hn-bâv- bq-\n-bsË-d ]X\hpw-
tNcn-tNcm-cm-Py-ªfp-sS \n-ülm-bXbpw-
sFIy-cm-jv-{Sk`bp-sS \n-üw-KXbpw- kr-jv-Sn-®
cm-jv-{So-b Ac¢n-XXz-ÃnsË-d
XWã-]ân-bm-Wv- Atacn-|Ë-
km-{am-Py-Xz-]n-Ìp-Wtbm-sS tem-I
a\x-km-¢n-sb \Sp-|w- sIm-èn-|p-Ð
{Iq-cXIç- C{k-tbã- t\Xr-Xz-Ãnã-
CtÔm-ç- \S|p-ÐXv.-
{]Wbn-\n-Ifp-sS IÁp-Iç-t]m-epw-
]ekv-Xo-\n-bË- kv-t\l\n-L¾p-hnã-
{]n-bsË-d lr-ZbÃnã- Xd®p-Ibdn-b
ap-èm-Wv.- {]-hm-kÃn-\pw-
t]m-cm-ºÃn-\p-an-Sbn-se {]WbÃn-\v-
kz-bsam-cp- {]t¢m-`am-bn- ]cn-Wan-|m-sX
]ekv-Xo-\nã- \n-e\nã-Ôn-æ.-
"{]WbÃnsË-d Kn-Ãm-á-
Xp-cp-sÚSp-Ãv- t]m-bXv- FsË-d
KZv-KZw-sIm-t¾m,- \n-sË-d thá]m
-Sv- sIm-t¾m',- FÐ ]ekv-Xo-\n-bË--
Ihn-bp-sS tNm-Zy-Ãnã- Np-cp-fp-ÐXv-
NXn-bv-|sÔSp-sÐm-cp- P\kaq-lÃnsË-d
Po-hn-Xkw-Lá-jªfm-Wv.- ]ekv-Xo-\n-se
{]Wbn-\n-Iç-s|m-cn-|epw- Hcn-SÃp-sh®p-am-{Xw-
]ckv-]cw- I¾p-ap-ºm-saÐv-
DdÔn-®v- ]dbm-\mhn-æ.- A]ISªç-|n-Sbn-epw-
FÐn-ºp-ahá-|v- Bÿm-Z`cn-Xcm-ImË-
Ign-bp-Ðp.-- ""Xp-dap-JtÃ|v-
\m-Sp-ISÃsÔºn-ºpw-
Hcp- ]gtÃm-ºÃn-\v- /
Cªs\ \n-Xy-lcn-Xam-bn-cn-|m-Ë-
Fªs\ Ign-bp-Ðp-''- FÐv- Zmá-hn-jv-
tNm-Zn-|p-Ðp.- ""\o- ]ekv-XoË-Im-cn-bm-Wv-/FÐp-saÐpw-
Bbn-cn-|p-Ibpw- sNàpw-/ \n-sÐ
Rm-\n-Xm- tNá-Ãp-]n-Sn-|p-Ðp''-
FÐ Zmá-hn-jn-sË-d hcn-Ifnã,-
kz-Ìw- aÁn-t\m-Sp-è
kv-t\lam-Wv- kz-Xz-ÃnsË-d kacktÎiam-bn-
am-dp-ÐXv.- kz-Ìw- `q-an-bpw-
BIm-ihpw- A\y-am-bn-Ãoá-Ð
Hc`bmá-Yn- P\Xbp-sS \nehn-fn-Iç-
ItÚm-fÃn-sË-d In-ep-|n-|p-Ãn-epw-
km-{am-Py-Xz-ÃnsË-d In-Ðm-cªfn-epw-
Ip-fná-asIm-èp-Ðhá-s|ªs\
tIç-|mË- Ign-bpw?-
\yq-tbmá-|v-
ssSw-kv,- hm-jn-Mv-S½- t]m-kv-âv,-
Nn-|m-tKm- {Sn-_q-Wã,- tem-kv- B³ã-üv
ssSkv- Xp-Sªn-b {]ap-J Atacn-|Ë-
]{Xªfnã- ]ekv-XoË-Imá-
kv-Yn-cw- `o-Iccm-bn-ºm-Wv- Imá-ºq-Wp-Ifnã-
{]Xy-¢sÔSp-ÐXv.- (American
perception of Islam: Fred.R.von Der mehden).
\Ûp-sS
Ncn-{XLºÃnã- \S|p-Ð
AXn-Kw-`o-cam-b Hcp- tZio-b hntam-N\ kacam-Wv-
Cªs\ sXâm-bn- {]Xn-\n-[m-\w-sNàsÔSp-ÐsXÐv-
s]sºÐp-è Aek hm-b\|n-Sbnã-
Xn-cn-®dn-bm-sX t]m-Ip-Ðp.- sk]v-Xw-_á-
11 \v- thç-Uv- t{SUv- skËdá-
XIá-|sÔºXn-s\ Xp-Sá-Ðv-
AXnsË-d ]X\Ãnã- Bÿm-Zw-
{]ISn-Ôn-®p-sIm-¾v- ]ekv-XoË-Imá-
{]IS\w- \SÃp-ÐXn-sË-d Hcp-
Zr-iyw- kn- FË- FË- {]Zá-in-Ôn-®Xv-
kao-]Im-e am-[y-aNcn-{XÃn-se Gâhpw-
hen-b s\-dn-tISp-Ifn-sem-Ðm-bn-cp-Ðn-ºpw-
AX{Xtaã- s]m-ffp-Ð Hcp- kw-`ham-bn-
Aá-ln-|pw- hn-[w-Ná-®sNàsÔSp-Ibp-¾m-bn-æ.-
('Mesmerised by the West' FÐ t]cnã-
ln-Îp-]{XÃnã- Hcp- hn-iIe\w-
hÐXv- hn-kv-acn-|p-Ðn-æ)--.
1990 Ifn-se Kç-^v- bp-ÊIm-eÃv-
kÉmw- lp-ssk\v- ]n-Ìp-W {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-¾v-
]ekv-XoË-Imá- \SÃn-b
{]IS\Ãn-sË-d Zr-iy-ªfm-Wv-
c¾m-bn-cm-am-¾nã- kn-
FË- FË- thç-Uv- t{SUv-
skË-dá- ]X\Ãnã-
Bÿm-Zn-®p-sIm-¾v- \SÃp-Ð
{]IS\am-bn- ]cky-sÔSp-Ãn-bXv-!
CtÔm-gpw- Atacn-|Ë- sXcs¹Sp-Ôp-Ifnã-
kbWn-kv-âv- `o-IcXsb {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-|p-Ð
C{k-tbã-ká-|m-cn-s\ Bcm-Wv-
Iq-Sp-Xã- klm-bn-|p-I FÐXv- {]Nm-cW
hn-jbªfn-sem-Ðm-Wv-.- kmá-htZio-b
sFIy-Zmá-Vy- {]kv-Ym-\Ãn-sË-d
(ISM) bp-h{]há-ÃIbm-b
td®ã- tIm-dn-sbÐ Atacn-||m-cn-sb
\o-Xn-|p-th¾n-bp-è ]ekv-XoË-
kacsà ]n-Ìp-W®XnsË-d
t]cnã- C{k-tbã- _pç-tUm-ká-
Ibân-s|m-Ðp.- {]kv-Xp-X kw-`hw-
C{k-tben-t\m-Sp-è Atacn-|Ë-
kao-]\Ãnã- D]cn-hn-Õam-b
am-âªç-t]m-epw- D¾m-|n-bn-æ!
1986 ã- a\n-ebnã- ssk\n-I
Sm-©p-Iç-|v- t\sc ]q-|sfdn-¹v-
{]-Xn-tj[w- {]ISn-Ôn-® I\ym-kv-{Xo-Ifpw-
1989 se Sn-bm-s\Ë-saË- kv-Iz-bdnã-
GI\m-bn- ssN\o-kv- tS©p-Iç-
XS¹v- {itÊb\m-b {]t¢m-`Im-cn-|pw-
e`n-®{X am-[y-a ]cn-KW\ al-Ãm-sbm-cp-
{]t¢m-`Ãnã- ]s©Sp-Ãv-
cIv-Xkm-¢n-Xzw- hcn-® td®ã-
tImdn-bv-|v- e`n-|m-sX t]m-bXv- FÌp-sIm-¾m-bn-cp-Ðp?-
1970
ã-t]m-epw- C{k-tbã- {][m-\a{Ìn-
tKmç-Um-sabá- ]d¹Xv-
"]ekv-XoË-Imá'- FsÐm-cp-
P\hn-`m-Kw- \n-e\nã-|p-Ðn-æ
FÐm-Wv.- 1948 ap-Xã- 1968 hsc
satÛm-dm-¾ªfpw- At]¢Ifp-am-bn-
Ahá- tem-I\o-Xn-|p-ap-Únã-
tIgp-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðp.- A`bmá-Yn-Ifm-|n-
am-âsÔº Hcp- P\Xbp-sS k©Sªç-
th¾hn-[w- Bcp-w- {iÊn-®n-æ.-
HSp-hn-ehá- ]ekv-XoË- aÁn-se
Iæp-Iç-s|m-Ôw- asâm-cp-
{]Xn-IcWw- I¾p-]n-Sn-®p.- CIv-_mã-
AlÛZn-sË-d hm-|p-Ifnã-
Ahá- tem-IÃnsË-d Ip-Ðn-|v-
]n-Sn-®p.- AXm-bn-cp-Ðp- "hn-am-\dm-³ã-
`o-IcX'- (1968-75).-- AtXm-sS hyh-kv-Ym-]n-X
am-[y-aªç- kPo-ham-bn.- CÐv-
C{k-tben-\pw- "]ekv-XoË-Imá-
FsÐm-cp- P\hn-`m-Kw'- \n-e\nã-|p-tÐbn-æ
FÐv- ]dbm-\m-hn-æ (Monthly
Review : Jan.2002) ap-Jy-[m-cm-
am-[y-aªfnã- ]ekv-XoË-Imá-
CÐpw- A]cn-jv-Ir-Xcpw- `o-Iccpw- t]cn-æm-Ãhcp-am-Wv.-
"Ad_n-Iç'- bq-tdm-]yË-
Im-gv-NÔm-Snã- "Xe aq-Sn-
\S|p-Ð,- s]âp-s]cp-Ip-Ð sX¾n-Ôcn-jIfm-'-Wv.-
"Fgp-Xn-t|m,- Rm-s\m-cd_n,- thsdm-cp-
t]cpw- F\n-|n-æ,- Ip-ºn-Iç-
Fºv...-- HÚXm-atÃXpw-
]p-dsÔSm-dm-bn....- FÌm- Nq-Sm-hqtÐm'-
FÐ ap-laq-Zv- Zmá-hn-jnsË-d
hcn-Ifnã- Xn-f®p-adn-bp-ÐXv-
A`bm-á-Yn-Ifpw- A]ccp-am-|sÔº
Hcp- P\Xbp-sS tcm-jam-Wv.- "Iá-Ãm-|sf
Iá-aªfm-|p-Ð'- A[n-\n-thilXy-|v-
Ccbm-|sÔSp-Ðhcnã- Hcp-
{]_ehn-`m-Kam-bn- ]ekv-XoË-Imá-
am-dn-bn-cn-|p-Ðp.- A`bm-á-Yn-Ifp-sS
Po-hn-Xw- Fhn-sSbm-bm-epw- Bi©m-P\Iam-Wv.-
1948
hsc tem-I`q-]SÃnã- "C{k-tbã'-
D¾m-bn-cp-Ðn-æ.- FÐmã-
Pq-Xcpw- ap-ûn-ªfp-w- {In-kv-Xym-\n-Ifpw-
ku-lr-Z]q á-hw- HÐn-®v- -Po-hn-®
"Hcp- ]ekv-XoË'- \q-âm-¾p-Iç-|v-
ap-tÚ \n-e\n-Ðn-cp-Ðp.- bq-tdm-Ôv-
Pq-X ]o-U\w- BtLm-jn-|p-tÚm-gpw-
\m-kn-kw- Pq-XthºIç- Xp-Scp-tÚm-gpw-
]ekv-Xo-\nã- Pq-Xkaq-lw- kp-c¢n-Xcm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
]ekv-Xo-\n-sË-d kz-kv-YX XIá-ÃXv-
hy-Xy-kv-X aXhn-`m-KÃnã-sÔº
"]ekv-XoË-Imá'- Aæ,-
]p-dÃp-\n-Ðv- km-{am-PyXz-hpw-
"kbWn-k'-hpw- kw-bp-Iv-Xam-bn- Cd|p-aXn-
sNbv-X "`o-Ic{]kv-Ym-\ªfm'--Wv-.-
aX]cam-b kbWn-ksà shæp-hn-fn-®p-sIm-¾m-Wv-
"cm-jv-{So-b kbWn-kw'- hfá-Ðp-hÐXv.-
AXm-Wv- ]n-Ðo-Sv- ssk\n-I kbWn-khpw-
kbWn-kv-âv- `o-IcXbp-am-bn- am-dn-b-Xv.-
CÌy-bn-se kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s\bm-Wv-
kXy-Ãnã- C{k-tben-se "kbWn-kw'-
Hm-á-an-Ôn-|p-ÐXv.-
ln-Îp-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bÃn-\v-
"bYmá-Y ln-Îp-aXhp-am-bn
Hcp- _\v-[hp-an-æm-ÃXp-t]m-se
"cm-jv-{So-b kbWn-kÃn-\v'- aX]cam-b
kbWn-ktÃm-Spw- _\v-[an-æ.-
cm-j{v-So-b ln-Îp-Xz-Ãn-sË-d
BZ--y-Im-e sskÊm-Ìn-I\m-b khá-|sdtÔm-se
kbWn-kÃn-sËd-kv-Ym-]I\m-b Xn-tbm-Uá-
slá-kepw- kq-¢v-amá-YÃnã-
aXhn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp-Ðn-æ.! khá-|sdtÔm-se
Xn-tbm-Uá- slá-kepw- aXsÃ
cm-jv-{So-bm-hiyªç-|p-th-¾n-
k©p-Nn-Xam-bn- D]tbm-KsÔSp-Ãp-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
Hcp- aXhn-`m-Kw- FÐ \n-ebnã-
Pq-Xkaq-lw- ap-gp-hË- "C{k-tben-s\
]n-Ìp-W|p-Ðp- FÐv- A\ym-bam-bn-
{]Ncn-Ôn-|p-ÐXv- km-{am-Py-Xz-hpw-
cm-jv-{So-b kbWn-khp-am-Wv.- Xn-tbm-Uá-slá-kã-t]m-epw-
]ekv-Xo-\v- {]-tXy-I hn-ip-Ên- Iã-Ôn-®n-cp-Ðn-æ.-
thºbm-SsÔSp-Ð Pq-Xá-|v-
Xm-akn-|mË- Hcp- kv-Yew BWv- AtÉlw-
Bhiy-sÔºXv.- 1897 ã- HÐmw-
kb-Wn-kv-âv- tIm½-{Kkv- kzn-âv-ká-e¾n-se
_m-kv-ebnã- tNcp-tÚmç-
"sXcs¹Sp-|sÔº P\X'-bp-sS
LS\sb|p-dn-t®m- blq-Zcp-sS hm-Kv-ZÃ`q-an-bp-sS
kv-Ym-\sÃ|p-dn-t®m- Ir-Xy-am-bn-
Bá-|pw- Adn-bn-æm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
AXv- ]ekv-Xo\n-em-bn-cn-|sº FÐv-
]n-Ðo-Sv- Nq-¾n-|m-ºn-bXv-
ssZhaæ km¢mã- km-{am-Py-Xz-am-bn-cp-Ðp.-
C{ktbã-
AÐpw- CÐpw- km-{am-Py-Xzw- Zr-Vam-bn-
Im-Ãp-kq-¢n-|p-Ð tImtfm-Wn-bã-
\bÃnsË-d kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv.- Xn-tbm-Uá-
slá-kã- "hm-Kv-ZÃ`q-an'-
km-¢mã-|cn-|mË- Cu-iz-cka¢w-
{]má-Yn-|p-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðn-æ
adn-®v- "Ggv- kap-{Zªfpw-
kz-Ìam-|mË- {ian-|p-Ð alm-cm-Py-am-b
Cw-Kvf¾n-\v- Rªsf a\ün-em-|mË-
km-[n-|pw,- - FÐ kz-Ìw- {]Xo-¢bnã-
]p-fIw-sIm-èp-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
ssZhÃn-sË-d A\p-{Klw-sIm-¾æ
Atacn-|bpw- {_n-º\pw- {^mË-kpw-
\ã-In-b Bbp-[ªç-sIm-¾pw-
kÚÃp-sIm-¾p-am-Wv-
C{k-tbã- a\p-jy-Xz-Ãn-s\Xn-sc
bp-Êw- \bn-®p-sIm-¾n-cn-|p-ÐXv.-
AÌm-cm-jv-{S kaq-lw- HÐn-®v-
C{k-tben-s\Xn-sc i_v-Zap-bá-Ãn-btÔm-gpw-
C{ktben-s\m-Ôw- Atacn-|Ë- km-{am-Py-Xz-ap-¾m-bnp-Ðp.-
1949 ap-Xã- 1997 hsc Ahá-|v-
Atacn-| Zm-\am-bn- \ã-In-bXv- 3,-33,-000
tIm-Sn- cq-]bm-Wt{X! Hcp- ]e-kv-XoËsIm-¾p-am-{Xw-
C{k-tbã- Xr-]v-Xn-sÔSp-Ibn-æ.-
kw-L]cn-hmdn-s\tÔm-se kbWn-khpw- B{Kln-|p-ÐXv-
kz-X{Ì]cam-[n-Im-c cm-jv-{Sªsf
Xªfp-sS cm-Py-tÃm-Sv- Iq-ºn-t®á-|m-\m-Wv.-
- kw-L]cn-hmá-- kz-]v-\w- Im-Wp-Ð
AJWv-U`m-cXw- t]m-se alm-C{ktbã-
cm-jv-{So-bkbWn-khpw- kz-]v-\w- Im-Wp-Ðp-
! Ip-ºn-Isfbpw- k{vXo-IsfbpaS|w- ]ekv-Xo-\n-se
]Xn-\m-bn-cªsf sIm-Ðp-Xèn-b
"-lKm-\'--- FÐ kbWn-kv-âv-
`o-Ickw-LS\,- C{k-tbã- cm-jv-{SÃn-sË-d
]n-dhn- ]qá-Ãn-bm-btXm-sS
Hut-Zym-Kn-I ssk\y-am-bn- {]Jy-m-]n-|sÔSp-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
CÌy- ]qá-Wam-bpw- Hcp- ^m-kn-kv-âv-
cm-Py-am-bmã- Bá- Fkv- Fkpw-
_Pv-dw-Kv-Zfpw- Hu-tZym-Kn-I tk\Ifm-bn-
am-dn-sæÐv- DdÔp-]dbmË-
Bá-|pw- Ign-bn-æ.- tem-I a\x-km-¢n-sb
sRºn-® "Zbá-bmko--\n-se
Iq-ºs|m-e'-sb sa\m-®w- _KnË-
\ym-bo-Icn-®Xv- "sZbá-bm-ko-\nã-
Aªs\ sNbv-Xn-ºn-æm-bn-cp-sЩnã-
C{k-tbã- FÐ cm-jv-{Sw- XsÐ
D¾m-Ip-am-bn-cp-Ðn-æ ,-FÐv
{]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-¾m-bn-cp-Ðp.-
1948 Un-kw-_á- 14 \v- s_KnË-
BZyam-bn- Atacn-| kÎá-in-®tÔmç-
sFË-kv-âo--\S|ap-è {]ikv-Xcm-b
Pq-XÑm-cp-sS kw-Lw- s]m-ºn-sÃdn-®p.-
CtX A\p-`-ham-Wv- asâm-cá-YÃnã-
Kp-Pdm-Ãv- hw-ilXym-`o-Ic\m-b \tc{Îtam-Un-|v-
Atacn-|bn-se ln-Îp-kaq-lÃnse-
P\m-[n-]Xy-hm-Zn-Ifnã-\n-Ðv--
t\cn-tS¾n-hÐXv.- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-sË-d
kn-Êm-ÌÃn-epw- {]tbm-KÃn-epw-
"kbWn-kÃn-\p-è'- ]tcm-¢kv-Xp-Xn-Ifp-¾v.-
kbWn-kv-âp-Ifp-sS sskÊm-Ìn-I
{K\v-Yªfnã- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s\|p-dn-®p-è
kv-Xp-Xn-Ifp-t¾m- FÐt\z-jn-t|¾n-bn-cn-|p-Ðp-!
A{Xtaã- DbcÃn-sem-Ðpw-
]d|p-Ibn-sæ©n-epw- "Chá'-
FÐpw -Htc Xq-hã-]¢n-Ifm-Wv-
!
FÐm-ã-
"am-[y-aªfnã'- CtÔmç-
\n-d¹p-\nã-|p-ÐXv- ]ekv-Xo\n-ã--
sIm-Spw-{Iq-cXIç-sIm-¾v- a\p-jy-Xz-sÃ
]n-®n-|o-dp-Ð C{k-tbem-Wv.- "Ncn-{Xhkv-Xp-XIç'-
\n-jv-]¢Xtbm-sS tcJsÔSp-Ãp-saÐv-
{]Xo-¢n-|sÔSp-Ð'- ká-hhn-Pv-Rm-\tIm-iªç-t]m-epw-
]ekv-Xo-\n-t\m-Sv- \o-Xn-]p-eá-Ãp-Ðn-æ.-
{]ikv-Xam-b {_n-ºm-\n-|m'- bnã-
kl{km-_v-Zªfm-bn- \n-e\n-Ðp-t]m-Ð
]ekv-Xo-\v- A\p-hZn-®n-cn-|p-ÐXv-
aq-ÐctIm-fw- am-{Xam-Wv.- Hscm-â
Nn-{Xhp-an-æ.- FÐm-ã- 1948ã-
Ir-{Xn-aam-bn- kr-jv-Sn-|sÔº
C{k-tben-\v- \ã-In-bXm-Isº ]Xn-s\m-Ðv-
tIm-fhpw- aq-Ðv- Nn-{Xhpw-! 2006 Pq½--
Pq-em-bnã- am-{Xw- C{k-tbã-
B{IaWÃnã- e_\Wn-epw- ]ekv-Xo-\n-ep-am-bn-
UkË-IW|n-\v- a\p-jyá- Ip-ºn-Ifpw-
k{v-Xo-Ifp-aS|w- sIm-esNàsÔSp-Ibpw-
\q-dp-IW|n-\v- a\p-jyá-|v- ]cn-t|ã-|p-Ibpw-
sNbv-Xp,- Bá-|pw- t]cn-æ.-
FÐmã- 2006 Pq½- am-kÃnã-
Xºn-s|m-¾p-t]m-IsÔº
Kn-em-Xv,- ian-Xv- FÐ c¾v- C{km-tbã-
]ºm-f|m-cp-sS taã-hn-em-kw-t]m-epw-
\ap-|n-tÔmç- a\x-]m-Tam-Wv-!
\o-Xn- P\ªfp-sS HÔam-sW©nã-
AXv- \n-tj[n-|p-ÐXv- Hcp- P\kaq-lÃn-sË-d
Akv-Xn-Xz-sà \n-tj[n-|em-Wv.-
Cdm-Jn-se
Atacn-|Ë- A[n-\n-thiÃn-Ðn-Sbnã-
F{X a\p-jyá- acn-®p- FÐ tNm-Zy-Ãn-\v-
Rªç- ihªç- FÁm-dn-æ
FÐ Hu-ÊXy-]qá-Whpw- a\p-jy-Xz-cln-hp-am-b
adp-]Sn-bm-Wv- Atacn-|Ë- P\dã-
tSman- {^m-©v-kv- \ã-In-bXv.-
\n-c]cm-[n-Ifm-b ]ekv-XoË-Im-sc C{k-tbã-
Iq-ºtÃm-sS sIm-æp-ÐXv-
"Xn-cn-®Sn-'-bpw,- ]ekv-XoË--Imá--
\n-e\nã-Ôn-\p-th¾n-
\SÃp-Ð sNdp-Ãp-\nã-Ôv-
B{IaWhp-am-bm-Wv- ap-Jy-[m-cm- am-[y-aªfnã-
s]m-Xp-hnã- {]Xy-¢sÔSp-ÐXv.-
1972 sk]v-Xw-_á- A³n-\v- ayq-Wn-|nã-
C{k-tben-sË-d Hfn-Ún-Iv-Xm-cªç-
h[n-|sÔºXpw- 2001 sk]v-Xw-_á-
]Xn-s\m-Ðn-\v- thç-Uv- t{SUv-
skË-dá- XIá-|sÔºXpw-
Htct]m-se Hm-á-abnã- {`{Zam-bn-
kq-¢n-|sÔSp-tÚmç,-
C{ktbepw- Atacn-|bpw- \SÃn-b FÁaâ
Iq-ºs|m-eIfpw- \Kv-\am-b ISÐm-{IaWªfpw-
AXá-ln-|pw-hn-[w- Hcn-SÃpw-
ASbm-fsÔSp-ÃsÔSp-Ðn-æ.-
AsXm-s|bpw- adhn-bp-sS alm-kap-{ZÃn-te|v-
adn-¹p-ho-Wv- Ign-¹n-cn-|p-Ðp.-
FÌv- ln-tcm-jn-a,- FÌv- \m-Kkm-|n-
FÌv- km-{_,- FÌv- jm-ân-e,-
FÌv- s_bv-dq-Ãv?-
Ahá-
Im-ânã- ]dÃn-b sFIy-cm-jv-{Sk`bp-sS
{]tabªfp-sS IWs|Sp-Ôp-Iç-
am-ân-sh-|sÔSp-Ðp.- ]ekv-Xo-\nã-
A\ym-bam-bn- kr-jv-Sn-|sÔº 48
se C{ktbeæ,- 2006 se C{k-tbseÐv-
t]m-epw- hn-kv-acn-|sÔSp-Ðp.--
1967 ã- Km-kbpw- shkv-âv- t_©pw-
tKm-emË-Ip-Ðp-Ifpw- Ahá-
]ekv-Xo-\nã-\n-Ðv- ]nSn-s®Sp-ÃXm-sWÐpw-
AXv- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-|p-ÐXn-s\|p-dn-®m-Wv-
67 ap-Xã- Ná-®Iç-
Xp-Scp-ÐsXÐpw,- AXn-Ðn-Sbnã-
ho-¾pw- B{IaWhpw- ]o-U\hpw- Agn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibm-Wv-
C{k-tbã- \n-cÌcw- sNàp-ÐsXÐpw-
Hmá-|p-tÐbn-æ.- C{k-tbã-
\SÃn-b \n-jv-Tq-cam-b Iq-ºs|m-eIsfsbm-Ðpw-
Ahá- CtÐhsc Xèn-Ôd¹n-ºn-æ.-
kmá-htZio-bacym-Zbp-sS t]cnã-t]m-epw-
sNbv-XXv- sXâm-bn-tÔm-bn- FÐhá-
Xn-cp-Ãn-bn-ºn-æ.- 1948
se Ip-{]kn-Êam-b ""ssZá-bm-koË-
Iq-ºs|m-e'- ap-Xã- 1982 km-{_bpw-
jm-ân-ebpw- ap-Xã- 2006 se
s_bv-dq-Ãv- B{IaWw- hsc Ahá-
Btam-ZtÃm-sS BtLm-jn-|pI-bm-Wv.-
""Bbp-[ªfpw-
shSn-t|m-Ôp-Ifpw- ssIt_mw-_p-Ifp-am-bn-
\S|p-Ð bp-hm-|sfbpw- Iu-am-c{]m-b|m--scbpw-
RmË- I¾p.-BWp-ªfpw- s]Áp-ªfp-ap-¾v-
A|q-ºÃnã.- A[n-Iw-t]cpw-
tNm-c]p-c¾hcm-bn-cp-Ðp.- Ahcp-sS
hen-b ITm-cIç- ssIIfnã- XsÐbp-¾v.-
k-bWn-kv-âv- kw-LÃnã-sÔº
Hcp- bp-hXn-sb RmË- I¾p.- Ahfp-sS
IÁp-Ifnã- {Iu-cyw- \n-d¹p-\n-Ðn-cp-Ðp.-
cIv-Xw- Cân-âp- ho-gp-Ð
ssIIç- AhsfsÐ Im-Wn-®p.-
bp-ÊÔX|ªsfÐaºnã-
AhfXv- Cf|n-s|m-¾n-cp-Ðp''- (ssZá-bm-ko-\n-se
Iq-ºs|m-ebnã- ]s©Sp-Ã
Pq-X Xo-{hhm-Zn-Isf|p-dn-®v- sdUv-t{Im-kv-
kw-LÃn-se Uo-sdbv-\ ]d¹Xv-:
]ekv-XoË- kÚqá-WNcn-{Xw.-
tUm.- Xzm-cn-Jv- kp-sshZmË-)-
_á-enË-
aXn-en-sË-d ]X\w- P\m-[n-]Xy-hn-Pbam-bn-
BtLjn-®há- 770 In-tem-ao-âá-
\o-fap-è C{k-tbã- aXn-en-s\|p-dn-®v-
au--\Ãn-em-Wv.- 1939 sk]v-Xw-_á-
26\v- F sF kn- kn- ]ekv-XoË- Zn-\am-bm-Ncn-|mË-
Blzm-\w- sNbv-Xn-cp-Ð Im-cyw- CÐ-sÃ
CÌyË- {][m-\a{Ìn- aË-tam-lË-kn-ªS|ap-è
"BtKm-ftIm½-{Kkn-'-sË-d
AP¾bn-en-æ.- Cw-Kvfo-jp-Imá-|v-
Cw-Kvfs¾Ðt]m-se {^³p-Imá-|v-
{^m-Ë-kv- FÐ t]m-se ]ekv-XoË-Imá-|v-
]ekv-XoË- AhIm-isÔºXm-sWÐv-
1938 ã- Xn-cn-®dn-bmË- alm-Xv-am-Km-\v-[n-|v-
Ign-¹p.- 2006 ã- Cu- kXyw- iIv-Xam-bn-
Bhá-Ãn-|mË-t-]m-epw-
"Km-\v-[n- in-¢y-Ñmá-|v'-|v-
Ign-bp-Ðn-æ.- HIv-tSm-_á-
2 \v- ]p-æp-sNÃn-bpw- Fºpw-s]m-ºpw-
Xn-cn-bm-Ã kv-Iqç-Ip-ºn-Iç-|v-
an-Tm-bn-sIm-Sp-Ãpw- Ahá-
kkp-Jw- Po-hn-®p-t]m-Ip-Ðp.- `q-an-bn-æm-Ã
P\X|v- P\Xbn-æm-Ã'- `q-an-
FÐ ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw- ]ekv-Xo-\nã-
kl{km-_v-Zªfm-bn- Po-hn-®p-hÐn-cp-Ð
a\p-jy-sc a\p-jy-cm-bn-tÔm-epw- ]cn-KWn-|m-Ã
Hcp- sImtfm-Wn-bã- kao-]\Ãn-sË-d
am-\n-s^kv-tâm-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.--
Atacn-|bp-sSbpw- C{ktben-sË-dbpw- P\hn-cp-Ê
\bªsf shæp-hn-fn-|p-Ð a\p-jy-sc
ap-gp-hË- "aXau-en-Ihm-Zn-Ifpw-
`o-Iccpw- sXÛm-Sn-Ifpw- Zp-jv-Scpw-
N¾n-Ifp'--am-bn- ap-{ZIp-Ãp-Ð
kao-]\am-Wv- s]m-Xp-hnã- "ap-Jy-[m-cm-
am-[y-aªç-'- Xp-Scp-ÐXv.-
"km-{am-Py-Xz- `o-Icin-ip-hm-bn'- ]n-dhn-bn-ã-
XsÐ shfn-sÔº C{k-tben-s\
shè]q-ip-ÐXn-\p- ]ndIn-se cm-jv-{So-b
Xmã-]cy-am-Wv- kq-¢v-amá-YÃnã-
Xn-cn-®dn-bsÔSm-sX t]m-Ip-ÐXv.-
]ekv-XoË-
blq-ZÑmá-|v- \ã-Ip-Ibm-sW©nã-
Ahn-sSbp-è Ad_n-Ifp-sS kv-Yn-Xn-
FÌm-bn-cn-|pw FÐv- sFË-kv-âoË-
tNm-Zn-®tÔmç,- "GXv-
Ad_n-Iç?- Ahá- {]iv-\tabæ'-
FÐm-bn-cp-Ðp- k-b-Wn-kv-âv-
shbnã-kv-tasË-d adp-]Sn.- 1982
se km-{_-jm-ân-e Iq-ºs|m-e|v-
C{ktbã- \ã-In-b t]cv- "]o-kv-
t^má- Keo-en'- FÐm-bn-cp-Ðp-
! AXn-s\ tem-Iw- hn-tijn-Ôn-®Xm-Isº
"am-\hn-IXs|Xn-scbp-è Ip-âIr-Xy-w'-
FÐpw-.- sdUv-t{Im-kv,- sdUv- {IkË-dv,-
Bip-]{Xn-Iç- ,- hn-Zym-ebªç-
,- A`bm-á-Yn- Iym-Úp-Iç-
AS|w- ká-hXpw- AÐv- B{Ian-|sÔºp.-
"]á-hXªç'- A¢cmá-YÃnã-
"Xm-gv-hcIfm-bn'-.- {]Ir-Xn-t]m-epw--
]cn-|p-Ifnã- \n-Ðv- c¢sÔºn-æ.-
kv-Yew- kÎá-in-® kmá-htZio-b
At\z-jWkw-LtÃm-Sv- It\Un-bË-
ká-PË- {In-kv-Kn-bt\m- ]d¹Xv-
"\cIÃnã- t]m-bn- Xn-cn-®p-hÐ,-
"Hchkv-Ybn-em-Wn-tÔmç-
Xm-s\Ðm-bn-cp-Ðp.-- Câm-en-bË-
]{X{]há-ÃIbm-b Hm-dn-bm-\m-^em-kn-
Cu- {Iq-cIr-Xy-ªç-|v- t\Xr-Xzw-
\ã-In-b P\dã- Gcn-bã--
jm-tcm-sW sIm-æsÔºhcpw-
ap-dn-thâhcp-am-b se_\o-kv- Ip-ºn-Ifp-sS
t^m-tºm- Iq-Úm-cªç-|n-Sbnã-
Xm-Ë- Ip-gn-®p-aq-Sp-saÐv -{]Jy-m-]n-®p.-
1868
se skË-dv- ]o-tâgv-kv- _á-Kv-
{]Jym-]\w,- 1907 se tlKv-I½-shË-jË--,-
1945 \yq-dw-_á-Kv- an-en-âdn-
ss{S_yq-Wã- Nmá-ºá-,-
1948 se hw-ilXy- XSbã- I½-hË-jË-,-
1949 se P\o-h I½-hË-jË.-..-
Fæmw- Fºn-sem-Sp-ªp-Ibm-bn-cp-Ðp.-
]ivNn-tajy-bn-se FÁkÚÃv-
kz-Ì-am-|p-Ibpw- P\m-[n-]Xy-ÃnsË-d-
hfá-® XSbp-I-bp-am-Wv- km-{am-Py-Xz-ÃnsË-d
e¢y-w.- AXn-\p-th¾n-bm-Whá-
a[y-- ]u-ckv-Xy- tZiÃv- C{km-tben-s\
hfá-Ãp-ÐXv.- Ad_v-cm-j{Sªfn-se
]m-h`cWªç-|v- ká-h ]n-Ìp-Wbpw-
\ã-Ip-ÐXv..- CÐv- C{k-tben-sË-d
Hm-tcm- a½-Xcn-bn-epw- Atacn-|Ë-
km-Ðn-[y-ap-¾v.- AXv- a[y-]u-ckv-Xy-tZiÃv-
asâm-ctacn-|bm-bn- am-dn-|gn-¹n-cn-|p-Ðp.-
]ekv-Xo-\n-\v-
tem-Isêp-ap-è a\p-jy-kv-t\ln-Iç-
km-ÚÃn-Ilm-bw- \ã-Ip-ÐtXm-sSm-Ôw,-
aâp-XcÃn-ep-è cm-jv-{So-b
klm-bªfpw- \ã-Ip-ÐXn-s\|p-dn-®v-
Ku-cham-bn- Btem-Nn-t|¾Xp-¾v.-
A^v-Km-\n-kv-YmË,- Cdm-Jv,- ]ekv-XoË,-
CdmË...- FÐn-hn-Sªfn-se km-{am-Py-Xz-
A[n-\n-thiw- kXy-am-bpw- Bhiy-sÔSp-ÐXv
km-{am-Py-hncp-Êkac kaá-ÔWÃnsË-d
A\n-hm-cy-Xbm-Wv.- 1930 Ifp-sS ]Ip-Xn-bnã-
^em-³en-kv-âp-Iç- kv-s]bn-\n-se
dn-ÔÙn-|Ë- `cWIq-SÃn-sÐXn-sc
km-{am-Py-Xz-iIv-Xn-Ifp-sS klm-btÃm-sS
bp-Êam-cw-`n-®tÔm-gm-Wv-
"Ncn-{XÃn-se [o-chn-kv-ab,-saÐv-
hnfn-|m-hp-Ð "CËá-\m-jWã-
{_n-tKUv- '-cq-]w-sIm-¾Xv.- `q-]SÃnã-
am-{Xw- I¾v- ]cn-Nbap-è kv-s]bn-\n-sË-d
hn-tam-N\kacÃnã- ]s©Sp-|mË-
tem-IÃnsË-d hn-hn-[`m-Kªfnã\n-Ðv-
Ihn-Ifpw- Iem-Im-cÑm-cpw- Nn-ÌIÑm-cp-aSªp-Ð
Hcp- P\kaq-lw- AÐhn-sS Ip-Xn-s®Ãn.-
{_jn-\pw- t]\|pw- ]Icw- Ahá- ssIIfnã-
tXm-|p-ItfÌn.- Nn-eá- Ahn-sS
s]m-cp-Xn- acn-®p.- CÐv- `q-]SÃnã-t]m-ep-an-æm-Ã
Hcp- cmjv-{Sw- XShnã- In-SÐv-
B{IaWªsf t\cnSp-tÚmç-
Fªs\sbm-s| Ahá-s|m-Ôw-
\nã-|mË- Ign-bp-saÐv- P\m-[n-]Xy-hm-Zn-Iç-
Fæm- A`n-{]m-bhy-Xm-kªç-|p-aÔp-dw-
BgÃnã- At\z-jn-t|¾n-bn-cn-|p-Ðp.-
]ekv-Xo-\n-s\ km-ÚÃn-Iam-bn-
izm-kw-ap-ºn- acn-|mË- Rªç-
Po-hn-|p-Ðn-StÃm-fw- Im-ew- A\p-hZn-|p-Ibn-sæÐv-
kw-`m-h\Iç- \ã-In- Adn-bn-|p-ÐtXm-sSm-Ôw-
]ekv-Xo-\n-s\ cm-jv-{So-bam-bn- Cæm-Xm-|m-\p-è
{iaÃn-s\Xn-sc A\n-hm-cy-am-bmã--
Po-hË- \ã-Im-\pw- Rªfpw-
Rªfpw- kÐÊambn-cn-|p-saÐv-
CÐv- \mw- {]Jym-]n-t|¾Xp¾v.-
asâm-cp- CË-dá-\m-jWã-
{_n-tKUn-\v,-- Im-ew- Im-tXmá-|p-Ibm-Wv.-
P\m-[n-]Xyhm-Zn-Iç-
C{k-tben-sËd- A{Iam-kIv-Xam-b kao-]\ªç-s|Xn-sc
HÐn-®Wn-\n-cÐp-sIm-¾n-cn-|p-Ð
BthiIcam-b A\p-`hªç-|m-Wv- CtÔmç-
tem-Iam-sI km-¢yw- hln-®p-sIm-¾n-cn-|p-ÐXv-.-
C{k-tben-se Iayq-Wn-kv-v-âv- ]má-Sn,-
]ekv-XoË- {]iv-\Ãnã-
km-{amPy-Xz-Ãn-\pw- C{k-tben-se kbWn-kv-âv-
`cWIq-SÃn-\p-saXn-sc ]ekv-XoË-
]¢Ãv- Dd®p-\n-Ðp-sIm-¾p-è
kao-]\am-Wv- hn-ºp-ho-gv-Nbn-æm-sX
Dbá-Ãn-Ôn-Sn-|p-ÐXv.-
kn- ]n- sF Fw- sË-d 18-mw- ]má-Sn-
tIm-½-{Kkn-\v- A`n-hm-Zy-ªfá-Ôn-®p-sIm-¾p-è
ktÎiÃnã- Iayq-Wn-kv-âv-
]má-Sn- Hm-^v- Cktbã- (kn-
]n- sF)- C|m-cyw- Hcn-|ã- Iq-Sn-
hn-ºp-ho-gv-Nbn-æm-sX hy-Iv-Xam-|n.-
""...- Iq-Sp-Xã- Ip-Sn-tbâ
tI{뻍- kv-Ym-]n-|p-Ibpw-
AÔmá-Xo-Un-tË-dXm-b ""hn-`P\`n-Ãn''-
\ná-an-|p-Ibpw- sNàp-ÐXv-
Dç-sÔsS- A[n-\n-thiÃn-tË-dXm-b
ASn-®aá-Ãã- s]cp-Ôn-|p-ÐXn-\v-
jm-tcm½- Khá-sa¾v-
{Iq-chn-t\m-Z]cam-bn- bpÊ{`m-Ìv-
Agn-®p-hn-ºv- \SÃp-Ð
Nq-jWsà t\cn-SmË- C{ktben-epw-
t-em-IsaÚm-Sp-ap-è,- kam-[m-\sÃbpw-
P\m-[n-]Xy-sÃbpw- ]n-Ìp-W|p-Ð
Fæm-hscbpw- Iayq-Wn-kv-âv- ]má-Sn-
Hm-^v- C{ktbã- Blzm-\w- sNàp-Ðp...-''-
]ekv-Xo-\n-bË-
Po-hn-XÃn-sË-d "au-en-Im-hkv-Y'-{]hm--kam-sWÐv-
FtUz-á-Uv- skbv-Zv-.- FÌpw-
Ip-Ãn-\n-d|m-hp-Ð Hcp- "am-dm-Ônã'-
Ahcp-sS Po-hn-Xw- Np-cp-ªpw-! ]t¢
AtÔm-gpw- ]ekv-Xo-\n-bË- {]Xn-tcm-[ÃnsË-d
[o-ckz-cw- ]Xdp-Ibn-æ.- kz-Ìw-
cm-jv-{Sw- Bgtadp-Ð Hcp- ap-dn-hm-bn-cn-|p-tÚm-gpw-
"A\rá-|v'- A\\y-am-b t{]alá-jÃnË--
Xn-Ihm-Wv-.- ""FsÐsbm-co-ÌÔ\©p-ebnã-
Xq-|q-! Xq-|n-s|m-tÐm-fq- ]\sb RmË-
i{Xp-hn-tÐã-Ôn-|n-æ.''--
FÐ ]nË-aS|adn-bm-Ã Hcp-
{]Xn-Pv-Rbn-em-WXv- ]q-|p-ÐXv.- ]ekv-XoË-
Ahá-|v- sFXn-ly-ªfp-sS am-dm-Ôæ;
aw-KfKo-Xªfp-sS kam-lm-caæ.-
]q-|fp-sS ]p-fIaæ.- AXhcp-sS ap-Ún-en-Ðv-
XShn-en-SsÔº Im-âm-Wv.-
AXn-sË-d Akv-Yn-Iq-Sªç-
aq-Sn-bn-cn-|p-ÐXv- sXm-en-sIm-¾æ
Aaá-jÃnsËd-Aºn-Iç-
sIm-¾m-Wv.- "FsËd- hn-iÔn-s\
`bÐp-sIm-èp-I'- FÐs{X kar-Ên-bnã-
]p-f®v- ká-hhpw- hn-kv-acn-|p-Ðhá-|v-
Ahá-- \ã-Ip-Ð Xm-|o-Xv.-
"]m-Spw- RmË- Nm-ºhm-dn-Ðv-
Io-gnã'--FÐm-Whá ]n-Sbp-tÚm-gpw-
{]Jym-]n-|p-ÐXv.- "ar-X\m-bn- \o-tdm--
acn-®n-æ ]t-¢ tdmw- '- FÐt{X
Ahckz-kv-YNn-Ãcm-bn- A[n-\n-thi iIv-Xn-Isf
Hm-á-an-Ôn-|p-ÐXv.- ho-gp-tÚm-gpw-
Ahcp-bá-sÃgp-tÐã-|pw.-
kz-Ìw- DÔq-Ôam-cp-sS
hn-bá-Ôv- ho-W aÁv-
Ahcp-sS Duá-Pam-Wv.- hn-hn-[cm-Py-ªfn-se
A`bmá-Yn- Iym--Úp-Ifn--ã-
Cªs\ Nn-Xdn-|n-S|p-Ð thsdm-cp-
cm-Py-hpw- CÐv- tem-IÃn-æ.-
AXp-sIm-¾v- XsÐ ]ekv-XoË-Imá-|v-
\jv-SsÔº kz-Ìw- PÑ`q-an-kz-Ìam-|m-sX
Po-hn-Xan-æ....- Xo-|æn-tÑã-
CSn-an-Ðã- ap-{Zho-gv-Ãn-|gn-¹n-cn-|p-Ðp-
/C\n- FsË-d amw-kw- Ir-an-Iç-
Xn-Ðp-Xoá-Ãp-sIm-èsº
/]cp-Ìp-Iç-|v- ]n-dhn- \ã-ImË-
Ddp-Úp-Iç-|m-hn-æ/]m-ÚnË-ap-ºIç-
s]m-ºn-bmã- /]m-Úp-Ifæm-sX
bm-sXm-Ðpw- hn-cn-bp-Ibp-an-æ-
FÐ Zmá-hn-jn-sË-d Xn-cn-®dn-hv-
-AXp-sIm-¾m-Wv- t]m-cm-ºÃnsË-d-
Xo-ÔÌam-bn- Hcp- P\X kz-ba\p-`hn-|p-Ð
]o-U\ªç-|n-Sbn-epw- Pz-en-|p-ÐXv.-
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