Mamang
Dai is a journalist accredited to the government
of Arunachal Pradesh. She is also an active radio
and TV journalist covering news programmes and
interviews for All India Radio and Door Darshan,
Itanagar. This leading journalist of the North
East, who was also the President of Arunachal
Pradesh Union of Working Journalists (APUWJ),
has to her credit a poetry collection and also
a work of fiction. Her poetry collection River
Poems was published by Writers Workshop, while
Penguin Books India brought out her fictional
work The Legends of Pensam.
A former member of the Indian Administrative Service
(IAS), she left the service to pursue a career
in writing. She is also the author of Arunachal
Pradesh-- The Hidden Land & a recipient of
the state’s first Annual Verrier Elwin Awards,
2003 (in the field of publication in print media)
for the book.
She was a programme officer with World Wide Fund
for Nature (WWF) during the first years of its
establishment in the state, and worked with the
Bio-diversity Hotspots Conservation programmne
in the field of research, survey and protection
of the flora and fauna of the eastern Himalayas.
Dai is a Member, North East Writers’ Forum
(NEWF), an organization dedicated to the cause
of promoting the literature of North East India.
Her writings are completely soaked in North-Eastern
culture of India. Beneath this regional exterior,
her works show certain values and issues which
are truly universal. The expression “The
jungle is a big eater, / hiding terror in the
carnivorous green” from the poem “Remembrance”
is one such example of universal element in her
poetry. Every human being will be disturbed by
the just-mentioned ferocity of nature.
This leading journalist of North East, having
a poetic heart, discusses with Dr. Nilanshu Kumar
Agarwal the features of her poetry, condition
of North-Eastern literature And several other
literary and social issues.
About Interviewer:
In
former issues of thanalonline you may find more
details about interviewer Dr. Neelanshu Kumar
Agarwal is Senior Lecturer in English at Feroze
Gandhi College, Rae Bareli, (U.P.).
NKA: Your poetry abounds in evocative
nature imagery. It appears the poet in you creates
vibrating sensations in your heart, when you see
‘the colours of the morning’, ‘afternoon’s
golden chain’ and ‘the silver anklets
of the moon’. To be very honest, natural
beauty of the land makes you sing in ‘a
full-throated ease’. How has your association
with World Wide Fund For Nature and Bio-Diversity
Hotspots Conservation Programme helped you in
becoming a supreme worshipper of Nature? Obviously,
the just mentioned organizations must have provided
you with the necessary input for the play of your
creative imagination. Or are there certain other
sources for this nature adoration, working at
the unconscious/subconscious layers of your psyche?
Please elaborate.
MD: It has more to do with the
environment. If you come to Arunachal I think
you will see what I mean. It is very green, it
is quiet and one can be quite absorbed by this
abundance if one has the temperament for it. My
stint with WWF helped with facts, data collection
and scientific surveys but I was writing before
this.
NKA: In many a poem, nature appears
to be the starting point. Beginning with nature,
you touch several other human issues. In a way,
nature seems to remind you of eternal note of
human misery. In the poem “A Stone Breaks
the Sleeping Water”, there is a perfect
union between human mood and nature, when you
say, “Now when it rains/ I equate the white
magnolia with perfect joy./Spring clouds, stroke
of sunlight,/the brushstrokes of my transformed
heart.” Is this union between nature and
man not like the monism/ non dualism of ancient
Indian philosophy? Or is there any other influence
in forming this image of Nature-Man union in your
mind, heart and soul? Please illumine.
MD: The traditional belief of
the Adi community to which I belong is full of
this union. Everything has life -- rocks, stones,
trees, rivers, hills, and all life is sacred.
This is called Donyi- Polo, literally meaning
Donyi- Sun, and Polo- moon as the physical manifestation
of a supreme deity, or what I like to interpret
as ‘world spirit.’ Yes, in this way
it is a set of values like ancient Indian philosophy
or ancient Mayan / Aztec, Northern Europe, Egyptian,
Chinese beliefs where similarities between ancient
civilizations and the first glimmerings of man’s
quest for faith are tied together. We also have
a rich oral tradition with narrative ballads of
birth and creation of man and his surroundings
that can last for many days, chanted by special
priests. There is hardship in life, yes, but there
is also human effort and human belief.
NKA: In some of the poems, you
have given notes. These notes explicate certain
North-Eastern cultural aspects. The poems like
“Tapu”, “Let No Tear”,
“Song of the Dancers”, “Man
and Brother” and “The Missing Link”
use these explanatory notes. What is the necessity
of these notes in your poetry? Are these notes
not because you are writing about your own culture
in an alien language? Will it not be better to
write about our indigenous culture in our own
native languages? The expression of indigenous
culture in alien language will definitely raise
these problems. Moreover, this dragon like alien
language may eliminate the regional languages
one day. We must do something to preserve our
languages. To be short, what should be the language
of poetic expression’ our native regional
language or an alien one? Your views, please.
MD: The notes are there because
some of the references are to special customary
practice and belief. If I write in Adi I will
still have to use Roman script since we are a
non-script language. Currently there is a move
to devise a new script for the Tani group of tribes
of Arunachal. i.e. the tribes practicing Donyi-Polo
and who claim common ancestry from a legendary
forefather called Tani, but we have 26 tribes
in Arunachal and more than a 100 sub-clans so
the consensus is more for English and Hindi as
the lingua franca and for writing. At the moment
we have also launched an Arunachal Pradesh Literary
Society to promote writing in local languages
/ dialects/ which may be translated into English
or Hindi or other major Indian languages. About
the language of poetic expression – people
say -- well, Spanish and French for love, Urdu
for ghazal, something else for Haiku, but I think
poetry in any language will have meaning depending
on the honesty of feeling.
NKA: Poetry is the emotional
outburst of personal feelings. A poet transmits
his own subjective feelings in his poetry. In
a way, a poet universalizes his personal emotions
in his poetry. In your poetry, I have found that
beneath the treatment of nature and social customs
of Arunachal Pradesh, there is an undercurrent
of pain. The opening lines of “Broken Verse”
hint towards that grief. Are there certain personal
concerns responsible for this treatment of grief?
What personal factors are responsible for poetry
in you? Please illuminate.
MD: Always difficult to pin point
what started anyone on a particular course or
path, or why one writes the way one does. There
are many changes happening in Arunachal today
so the treatment of nature and social customs
is something that I feel an affinity for and it
is my way of viewing this change or the passage
of time. Things happen. We learn only to learn
that there is more to learn and it goes on. There’s
a new understanding for everything if one doesn’t
lose faith and writing is of course an act of
hope, in the sense that you will overcome barriers
of misunderstanding, grief, loss, through some
new creation like an act of transformation, metamorphosis.
NKA: You left IAS. You are a
journalist and also a poet. Out of the three,
which profession is closest to your heart and
why? Has your career as a journalist helped you
as a poet? Please enlighten the readers.
MD: Journalism combines a lot
of things because it is about information, collecting
it and reporting/ and so even if I were an administrator
I might have been asking questions like a journalist
(albeit certainly more restricted!) and it keeps
one, hopefully, from getting too sentimental since
the shorter one can write to tell a story the
better. It is also about evidence, truth, and
that is about poetry.
NKA: As a woman poet and journalist,
did you feel disturbed in the patriarchal male
Indian society? Are the males prejudiced towards
a woman poet? Your views, please.
MD: No. I have never felt this.
As it is we have very few writers (published )
in Arunachal, and we have few readers too! But
all the same my own society, friends and relatives
have been encouraging.
NKA: What are the other important poetic voices
from Arunachal Pradesh? As a member of North East
Writers’ Forum, what do you think are the
major problems, faced by the North Eastern poets?
MD: There is Y.D. Thong chi and
late Lummer Dai, well known authors of Arunachal
Pradesh. Both their works are in Assamese and
Thong chi is a Sahitya Akademi Award winner, 2005,
for his novel ‘Mouna Ounth Mukhar Hriday,’written
in Assamese.
The major problems faced by NE poets must be language-
translations. There are many fine poets writing
in Meitei, Bodo, Mishing, regional languages but
translated copies/ good translators/ of their
works are few and hard to find. This has kept
a large body of literature of the region hidden.
NKA: In your article “Arunachal
Pradesh: The Myth of Tranquility”, you have
emphasized that your state is outside the sphere
of change. Tribal customs are protected there.
You had emphatically stated in that article, ”Arunachal
is still one of the last frontiers of the world
where the indigenous faith and practices still
survive in a form close to the original beliefs
handed down since generations.” It is nice
to see that tribal culture is being preserved
there. What factors, in your opinion, are responsible
for the preservation of the tribal culture in
Arunachal Pradesh? Can those measures be applied
to other tribes too? Please tell.
The strict adherence to the traditional culture
may hamper the educational development of the
tribes on modern lines. In a way, the tribes may
be streamlined. Though, the world has become a
global village, the tribes, in order to preserve
their cultural identity, may avoid contact with
the outside world. It may, in the long run, prove
injurious to the well-being of the tribes. Which
methods may bring them into the mainstream Indian
society without disturbance to their culture?
Please enlighten.
MD: Well, I will have to qualify
that… it is still a bastion of indigenous
culture but I did not mean this to be in favour
of absolute preservation. We are fortunate not
to be displaced from our territory, this was also
due to historical and geographical reasons in
the past -- The British policy of non-intervention
and the Inner Line Regulation Act, etc, followed
by the Nehruvian policy of keeping the region
safe from the influence of more dominant societies
until they had more time to adapt, etc. Today
Non locals coming from abroad and from other parts
of the country require Inner Line permits and
Restricted Area Permits(RAP) . This has come into
focus recently -- whether it is still relevant
especially as the state wants to project itself
as a tourist destination. I, personally believe
in change -- as a form of evolving, but then a
lot depends on our leaders if change for a whole
society is for the better and whether it is made
as an informed choice. Changes are happening --
religious, political, socio-economic. At the same
time feelings of insecurity or an increasing gap
between the beneficiaries of change and those
left out, vis-à-vis access to education,
health, opportunities, employment, empowerment
for women, can bring on a militant reaction against
change and a return to ‘pure’ indigenous
antecedents that becomes moral policing and vigilantism.
It will be good if the benefits of change as modern
societies at par with the rest of the world can
come about with less conflict. Here civil society
and media attention and awareness will come into
play, and good governance. After all, what should
government give it’s citizens? Good policies.
|
|