Cu
ioáj-Iw sXâmb Hcp ]cn-k-c-amWv
krjvSn-|p-Ð-Xv. CXnã eo\-amb Hcp
{]am-Z-ap-¾v. `mj-bpsS kuÎ-cy-amWv
kmln-Xyw. FÐn-cns| `mj-bpsS kuÎcyw
kmln-XyÃnã FÐ {]tbmKw sXâm-Wv.
AtÔmç FÌmhmw kwLm-S-Iá
Btem-Nn-®n-ºp-¾m-hpI? kuÎ-cy-apè
`mjm-{]-tbmKwFÐm- hptam? Ahn-sSbpw {]iv\-ap-¾v.
kuÎcy-apè `mjm-{]-tbmKw FÐm-se-ÌmWv?
kuÎcyw FÐm-se- ÌmWv?
Ipd-s®mÐv ]nd-tImºv t]mbmã
NÌp-ta-t\mË Cu {]iv\w HÐv
kv]áin-®p-t]m-hp-Ð-Xmbn ImWmw.
CÎp-te-J-bpsS kuÎ-cy-háW-\-bpsS
`mKÃv kzáW-háW-apè
am[-hnsb hnh-cn-|p-Ð-Xn-\nsS Aev]-samcp
kuÎ-cy-imkv{X hnNmcw \S-Ãp-Ðp-¾v,
CÎp-te-Jm-Im-cË.shfp-Ã-\ndw
am{X-aæ kuÎ-cy- ÃnsÒ
am\-Z-WvU-ambn NÌp-ta-t\mË ImWp-Ð-Xv.
Ccp-\n-dhpw IdpÔv \nd-hp-saæmw
Ag-In-bÐ háW- ª-fmbn AtÉlw
]d-bp-Ðp. AtÔmgpw ]d-bp-Ð-Xv,
CÎp-teJ CÃ-c-Ãn-te-sX-©nepw
\nd-ap-è-h-fm-sWÐv {]nb-sÔº
hmb-\-|másX-ân-Ê-cn-|-cptX
FÐm-Wv. kzáW-háW-tÃm-Sv,
kmam\yambn shfpÔv FÐv ]d-bpÐ
háW-tÃmSv {]Xn-]Ãn
{]I-Sn-Ôn-|p-Ðp-¾v, t\mh-en-kvâv.
CXpw `mjbpw XÛn-se-ÌmWv _Ïw?
kv{Xoku-Î-cy-sa-Ð-t]mse, `mjm
kuÎ-cyhpw arZp-Zái\-bm-sWtÐm?
AX-æ, BZy-tÃXv \b-\m-\-Î-I-c-sa-©nã,
c¾m-a-tÃXv {ih-Wm-\-Î-I-c-satÐm?
AjvS-]-Zn- bnepw aâpw Dè amXncn
efn-X-tIm-a-f-]-Z-\n-I-c-ª-fmb Cuiz-c-kvXp-Xn-Iç,
kuÎcyháW-\-Iç, t`mK-há
W-\-Iç-BtWm `mjm kuÎ-cy-sa-ÐXv?ae-c-Wn-|m-Sp-Iç
Xnªn-hn-ª-nIfnã `mjm-ku-Îcyw
Ah-km-\n- |p-satÐm? Hcp IpjvS-tcm-Kn-bpsS
Nn{X-sa-Ð-Xv, knwÕ-\mb Hcm-fpsS
ssIIm-ep-I-fnã IpjvSw AS-bm-f -sÔ-Sp-Ã-em-sWtÐm?
\b-\m-`n-cm-ahpw {ih-W-a-[p-c-hp-amb Imcy-ª-sf-bmWv
kuÎ-cy-ÃnsÒ ]cn-[n-bnã
s]Sp-Ãp-Ð-sX-©nã
XoáÐp, \ap|v kmln-Xyhpw Nn{X-I-ebpw
, FÌn\v PohnXw t]mepw th¾m-sb
Ðv ]d-tb¾n hcpw. kXy-Ãnã
A]-cn-lm-cyamw hn[w hgpXn amdpÐ Hcp
inem-JWvUw XsÐ-bm-Wn-Xv. AXnã
a¹v hoWn-ºp-¾v. AXn-eqsS
k³-cn-|p-tÚmç hgp-Xn-ho-gmw,
kq¢n-|-Ww.
kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-hn-Nm-c-ÃnsÒ
Cu ISÚ CÐv hsc Bcpw IS-Ðn-ºn-æ.
IS-Ðp-FÐv hnNm-cn-|p- Ð-hcpw
kÎá`w hcp-tÚmç
sXân-tÔmbn FÐv hne-]n-|p-I-tbm,
hnXp-Úp-Itbm Ipd¹ ]¢w ]ëm-
Ãm]w {]I-Sn-Ôn-|p-Itbm sNàp-ÐXv
I¾n-ºp-¾v. cq]-amtWm
`mh-amtWm apJyw FÐ A¾ntbm amthm
aqÃ-Xv, AYhm {]mthm apºtbm aqÃXv
{]iv\w kmln-XyÃn\pw {]k-~-amWv FÐXmWv
önXn. cq]-`-{Z-Xm-hm-Z-ÃnsÒ
]md-bnã Xºn ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-{]-öm\Ãn\v
Nne-]-cp-|p-I-sfms| Gâ-Xnã
]nsÐ Zim-_vZ-ªç Ign-¹v
hmZ-Ãnse hmZn-Ifpw {]Xn-Ifpw Hcp
t]mse adp-`m-KÃv henb \ymb-ap- ¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xmbn
kÛ-Xn-®p-I-¾n-ºp-¾v.
CXn-s\m-cáÄ-ta-bpèq;
GsX-©nepw HÐnsÒ ]¢Ãv
\nÐv hmZn-|p-ÐXv kmln-Xy-Ãn\v
A\áÄ-am-sW-Ð-Xm-W-Xv. HSp-hnã
\æ kmlnXyw D¾m-hp-tÚmç
hmZnbpw {]Xnbpw HÐm-bn-Ão-cpÐ
Ah-öbpw ImWm-dp-¾v.
AtÔmç kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ
{]iv\w Zái-\hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-Xm-Wv,
Ie-bp-ambnam{X-a-æ. Zái-\-
hp-ambn _Ï-sÔº GXv Imcyhpw
Pohn-X-hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-Xm-Wv.
C\v{Zn-bm-\p-`q-Xn-I-fpsS aqey-hp-ambn _Ï-sÔ-º-XmWv
{]iv\w FÐv shdpsX kam-[m-\n-®n-cp-Ðmã
{]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-am-hp-I-bn-æ. Bhn-jvI-cn-|pÐ
Pohn-Xhpambn _Ï-sÔ-º-XmWv
kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ
{]iv\w. `mjm kuÎ-cy-ÃnsÒ
{]iv\hpw AXv X-sÐ-bm-Wv, FÐv kmcw.
`mj-bp-a-\mbn _Ï-sÔ-SpÃn
kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-ÃnsÒ
khn-ti-j-X-Iç ]cn-tim-[n-|m-hp-Ð-Xm-Wv.
* `mj-sb-Ðmã hm|p-I-fpsS ka-\z-b-am-Wv.
* GsX-©n-ep-samcp hm|v kuÎ-cy-]-c-amb
KpW-ªç {]Im-in-Ôn-|p-tÚmç
AXv kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn aqey-ap-è-Xmbn
Xocp-Ðp.
* Bkzm-Z-I-cnã AáÄ-t_m-[-ap-¾m-|p-hmË
Ign-bp-tÚmç hm|p-Iç|v
kuÎ-cy-im-kv{X-am-\-ª-fp-¾m-
hp-Ðp.
* Bkzm-Z-I-cnã B\-Î-ap-f-hm-|mË
Ign-bp-tÚmç Ahbv|v kuÎ-cy-aqeyw
ssIh-cp-Ðp.
* hm|p-Iç Bhná`-hn-|pÐ
kwkvIm-c-Ãn-sÒtbm ]mc-Ú-cy-Ãn-sÒtbm
]ëm-Ã-e-t_m[w ]I-cp-tÚmç
Ahbv|v kuÎcyaq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* kmaq-ln-Itam cmjv{So-btam Bb ]cn-háÃ-\-Ãn\v
klm-bn-|p-tÚmç hm|p-Iç|v
kuÎ-cyaqey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* hnIm-tc-X-c-amb A\p-`q-Xn-Iç krjvSn-|p-tÚmç
hm|p-Iç|v ku{Î-b-aq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
* GIm-ÌXm t_m[w D¾m-|p-tÚmç
, AXv hgn , BÇm-t\z-j-W-t{]-cW kr-jvSn-|p-tÚmç,
hm|n\v kuÎ-cy-aq-ey-ap-¾m-hp-Ðp.
C{Xbpw Imcy-ªç tIhew kmam-\yhpw
GsX-©nepw kv|qfnsÒ klm-b-an-æmsX
XsÐ a\-ün- em-|m-hp-Ð-Xp-am-Wv.
]Z-ª-fpsS khn-ti-j-amb Hcp kwLm-X-amWv
Hcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn. ]Z-ªç efn-X-am-hmw,
tIma-f-am-hmw, ITn-\-am-hmw, GXv Xc-Ãn-ep-è-Xp-am-hmw.
]Z-ª-fpsS kwLmXw GsX-©nepw Xc-Ãn-epè
kuÎ-cy-aqeyw \náÛn-|p-tÚm-gmWv
kmln-Xy-am-hp-Ð-Xv. GXv `mj-bnepw AXv
C{]-Imcw XsÐ-bmWv kw`-hn-|p-Ð-Xv.
kuÎ-cy-aqeyw \ná-Ûn-|-sÔ-Sp-Ð-Xm-I-tº,
]Z-ª-fpsS kwLmXw AáÄhpw
B\-Îhpw \evIp-tÚm-gm-Wv. ]Z-ªç
\evIpÐ kqN-\-Iç Bkzm-Z-Is\ kwkvIm-c-Ãn-sÒbpw
kaq-l-Ãn-sÒbpw thcp-I-fn-te|v
\bn-|p-tÚmç AXv Kuc-h-apè
kmln-Xy-am-bn-am-dp-Ðp. ]Z-kw-LmXw kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-háÃ-\-Ãn-te|v
\bn-|p-tÚmçkmlnXyw A\-\y-amb
a\p-jy-tk-h\w \S-Ãp-Ðp. hnIm-c-]-c-amb
A\p--`q-Xn-I-tfm-sSmÔw hnIm-tc-X-c-amb
A\p-`q-Xn-Ifpw ]Z-kw-Lm-X-ªç
\evI-Ww. kzÌw BÇm-hn-te|v
t\m|mË Bkzm-Z-Is\ kmlnXyw t{]cn-Ôn-|-Ww.
BÇm-t\z-j-W-amWv kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-ÃnsÒe-¢y-saÐv
a\o-jn-Iç ]d-bp-ÐXv CXv sIm¾m-Wv.
Npcp-|-Ãnã `mj-bpsS kuÎ-cy-amWv
kmln-Xyw. kmln-Xy-Ãn\v hnj-b-am-hp-ÐXv
kmaq-lnI-km-Ú-Ãn-I-bm-YmáÄy-ª-fm-Wv.
Ah-sh-dpsX Bhn-jvI-cn-|p-I-b-æ kmln-Xy-ÃnsÒ
[áÛw, Ahbnãam-â-ª-fp-¾m-|p-Ibpw
a\p-jy-Po-hnXw A`n-hr-Ên-sÔ-SmË
klm-bn-|p-I-bp-am-Wv. AXnsÒ amá£-ª-fmWv
kmln-Xy-Ãnse hnhn-[-kvIq-fp-IçNá®-sN-àp-Ð-Xv.
cq]-Ãn\v {]m[m\yw \evI-Ww, `mh-Ãn\v
DuÐã\-evIWw FsÐm-s|-bpè
hmZ-ÃnsÒ kà C{X-am-{X-am-Wv.
CsXms| kwt¢-]n®v Fta-gvk½
]d-bp-ÐXv tIç|p-I: The
Poet is the sayer, the namer, and represents
beauty. He is a sovereign and stands on
the centre. For the world is not painted
or adorned, but is from the beginning beautiful;
God has not made some beauiful things, but
beauty is the creator of the universe. Therefore
the poet is not any permissive potentate,
but is emperor in his own right.
(Ihn-bmWv h~m-hv, \ma-IáÃm-hv,
Ihn kuÎ-cysà {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNàp-Ðp.
]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmbv Ihn, tI{Î-_n-Îp-hmbn
háÃn-|p-Ðp. temIÃn\v
Bcpw Nmbw tX|p-Ðn-æ, temIsÃ
Bcpw Aew-I-cn-|p-Ðp-an-æ. BZn-bnãXsÐ
temIw kpÎ-c-am-Wv. ssZhw Ipsd kpÎ-c-h-kvXp-|çkr-jvSn-®-X-æ.
kuÎ-cy-X-sÐ-bmWv {]]-³-kr-jvSn-\-S-Ãn-b-Xv.
Bb-Xn-\mã Ihn Bcnã\n-sÐ-©nepw
kÛXw e`n® B²m-\p-háÃn-b-æ,
kzÌw \ne-bnãXsÐ k{am-ºm-Wv.).
Fta-gvk½ AtX teJ-\-Ãnã
(The Poet) XpScpÐp:
The sign and credentials
of the poet are that he announces that which
no man foretold( aâmcpw apÚv
]d-¹n-º-næm-ÃXv ]d-bp-Ðp-sh-Ð-XmWv
Ihn-bpsS AS-bm-fw, Ihn-bpsS hnizm-ky-X).
ho¾pw for it
is not the metres , but a metre-making argument
that makes a poem- a thought so passionate
and alive that like the spirit of a plant
or an animal it has an architecture of its
own, and adorns nature with a new thing.
The thought and form are equal in the order
of time, but in the order of genessis the
thought is prior to the form.( OÎ-üæ
IhnXbp-¾m-|p-Ð-Xv, Xmf-_-Ê-amb
Hcp NnÌmcoXn-bmWv Ihn-X-c-Nn-|p-Ð-Xv;ktN-X-\hpw
hn¢p-_v[-hp-amb Hcp NnÌ-bpsS
coXn. kky-Ãn-tÒtbm arK-Ãn-sÒtbm
{]mWË t]mse Ihn-Xbv|pw kzÌ-amb
hmkvXp-in-ev]-ap-¾v, {]Ir-Xnsb AXv
kzÌw hmkvXp-in-ev]-Ãmã
A\p-{K-ln|pÐp; Ime-ÃnsÒ
{Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v IW|v Iqºn-bmã
NnÌbpw cq]hpw ka-am-Wv, FÐmã
Dev]-Ãn-bpsS {Ia-Ãnã
IW|v Iqºn-bmã NnÌ-bv|mWv
cq]-tÃ-|mç {]mY-ay-ap-è-Xv).
CXv Zái-\-Ãnse-{Z-hyhpw NnÌbpw
XÛn-epè aqÔn-f-a-Ãá|-a-æm-ÃXv
sIm¾v, kmln-Xy-Ãnã
NnÌ-bv|mWv {]mYayw FÐ hmZw káêYm
kzoIm-cy-am-bnÃo-cp-Ðp. KmÏn-b-Ñmá|pw
amáIvkn-kvâp-Imá|pw
Fæmw Hcp t]mse kzoIm-cy-am-th-¾-XmWv
kmlnXysÃ-kw-_-Ïn® Cu hmZw.
BÇm-hn-s\m-ÃmWv ico-c-ap-¾m-hp-I-sb-ÐmWv
ChnsS ]d-¹-Xn-\áÄw. dmç^v
t^mIvkpw CXv XsÐ-bmWv ]d-bp-Ð-Xv.
The Novel And The People FÐIrXn cq]-Ãn-tÒbpw
`mh-Ãn-tÒbpw {]iv\w ka-{K-amb
Ná®bv|v hnt[-b-am-|p-Ðp-¾v.-H-Sp-hnã,
Dè-S|w XsÐ-bmWv FÐmWv {KÍ-ÃnsÒ
\nK-a-\w. Fta-gvksÒ thoughtDw
dmç^v t^mIvknsÒ contentDw
^e-Ãnã HÐp-X-sÐ. content
s\mÃmWv craft
D¾m-hp-ÐXv.
kmln-Xy-Ãnã CXv `mj-bpsS
klm-b-tÃm-sS-bm-Wp-¾m-hp-Ð-Xv.
Gâhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]d-¹mã
DNn-X-amb ]Z-hn-\ym-k-amWv `mj-bpsS kuÎcyw.
FÐmã hæmà kmam-\y-h-XvI-c-W-am-Wv.
kwkvIr-X-Ãnt\ kuÎ-cy-ap-¾-mhq
FÐv [cn® Nneá ]Tn-Ôn®
th¾m-Xo\sà A]-l-kn-|-\m-h-W-atæm
]gb Ihn ]\kn Zimbmw ]min “FÐv
AÛ-tbmSv ]d-¹Xv? AtÛ N|n
]Ãm-b-Ãnã tIdn-bn-cn-|p-Ðp-shÐv!
Ahn-sSbpw Ihn-bpsS [áÛw Aev]w
]cn-]m-en-|p-Ðp-¾v, N|n ]Ãm-b-Ãnã
Ib-dn-bXv FÌn-\m-sW-sÐmÐpw
]d-¹n-ºn-æ-tæm. AXv
[z\n-bm-Wv. Cu [z\nbpw ({]-Xn-[z-\n-b-æ)
kqN-\-I-fpw-hgnbmWv `mj kmln-XysÃ
kpÎ-c-am-|p-Ð-Xv. Ah-km\w Aªns\
[z\n-kn-Êm-ÌÃnãh-sÐ-Ãn-tÔmb-sXm-Ðp-a-æ.
[z\n-X-sÐ-bmWv kmln-Xy-ÃnsÒ
Gâgpw \æ sSIv\n-|v. XI-gn-bpsS
]ºm-f-|m-cË FÐ IY-tbm, s]mËIpÐw
há|n-bpsS iv_Zn-|pÐ IeÔ
FÐ IYtbm ]cn-f-tim-[n-®mã
aXn `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Nm-cpX a\-ün-em-|mË.
hm|p-I-fpsS tIfn-sIm-sºmÐpw Cu
IY-I-fn-æ. Nne kqN-\-Iç am{Xw.
XI-gn-bpsS {]i-kvX-amb c¾v t\mh-ep-Iç,
(sNÛoË, c¾n-S-ªgn)
C|m-cy-Ãnã _joáX-sÐ-bmWv
kÚ-Ð-amb amXr-I-I-ç Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-|p-Ð-Xv.
Ah-bpsS {Kmay`mj-bpsS Nmcp-X-aq-e-amWv Gsd
kzoIm-cy-am-b-Xv. P\-`m-j -km-ln-Xy-ÃnsÒ
HmP-ümbn amdpÐ ká£-kr-jvSn-I-fm-W-h.
hmsam-gn-bpsS DuáP-amWv Cu t\mh-ep-Isf
thdnºv \náÃp-Ð-Xv.
sNÛo-\n\v khn-ti-j-amb Hcp Pohn-X-k-tÎiw
t]mepw \evIm-\n-æ. F©nepw ISm-Ôp-dsÃ
ac-bv|m-sÒbpw ac-bv|m-Ãn-bp-tSbpw
`mj-bpsS i~-amb Nnd-Ip-I-fp¾v AXn-\v.
Cu Nnd-Ip-I-fn-emWv AXv AXnáÃn-I-sf-æmw
IS-Ðp-]-d-Ð-Xv. cW-A-Sn-S-ª-gn-bm-h-tº,
Iáj-I-sÃm-gn-emfn Pohn-X-ÃnsÒ
]pe-bnepw sNfn-bn-ep-a-aáÐp-t]m-hp-Ð-A-Sn-öm-\-a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ãnse
k©oáW-X-I-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Wv.
cmjv{So-bhpw {]W-bhpw Ima-hpw-Fæmw
AXn-ep-¾v. AXn-e-Ôpdw hbãPo-hn-Ã-XnsÒ
]pe-`m-j-bp-ap-¾v.
IS-Ôp-d-tÃbpw hb-te-e-I-fn-sebpwa\p-jyákw-km-cn#-I-IpÐ
`mj Cu t\mh-ep-Iç|v Xo{h-amb Nmcp-X-
tb-Ip-Ðp. \ntÐm-Spè kvt\lw
sIm¾tæ RmË ChnsS hsÐ-Ãn-bXv?
FÐv thiy-tbmSv ]d-bpÐ Ikvâ-a-tdmSv
kvt\lw sIm¾v FtÒw tamtÒw
]in amdptam? FÐmWv Ahç tNmZn-|p-Ð-Xv.
Cusbmcp tNmZyw am{Xw aXn i_vZ-ªç
FÐ-Ir-Xn|v ae-bm-f-Ãnse Hcp ¡mkn-|mbn
\ne-\n-ev|mË. Cu hmIy- ª-fnã
i_vZm-tSm-]-an-æ, km[m-c-W-\n-e-bn-epè
i_vZ-ku-Ip-am-cyw-t]m-ep-an-æ. t]am-cn-bpsS
A]-cn-lm- cy-amb Icp-Wm-cm-lnXyw aqe-a-æ,
ag-Im-c-W-am-bn-cpÐp Ipºn kv|qfnã
hcmË sshIn-b-Xv. kvt\l- ÃnsÒ
Imcyw ]d-bp-tÚmç FÌp-sIm-¾mWv
Ahç hni-ÔnsÒ Imcyw ]d-bp-Ð-sXÐv
Hcp sltUm-Wnkvâv am{Xta kwi-bn-|q.
aâmcpw kwi-bn-|p-I-bn-æ. _joá
\evIpÐ kqN-\-Iç Xnb-tUmá
AtUmátWm- hnsÒ kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-c-ÃnsÒ
km[q-I-c-W-am-hp-ÐXv AXv sIm¾m-Wv.
\mw kvX_v[-cm-bn-tÔm-hpÐ kXy-ªçi©-Iq-SmsX
]d-bp-I-bmWv _joásN-àp-Ð-Xv.
i_vZ-ª-fnse Cu eLp kw`m-jWw \ÛpsS
bpÊm-\-Ìckmaq-ln-Im-h-ö-bpsS
ITn-\-amb önXn-I-fn-te-|pè Nq¾p
]e-I-bm-Wv. C\n AYhm Gsd \nd-|q-ºpè
`mj Dt]m-b-Kn-®p-t]m-hp-Ðp-s¾-©nã
t]mepw s{_~n-s\-tÔmse B `mjm-Im-Tn\ytam
Nmcp-Xtbm A]-\náÛn|pw hn[w
CSbv|v IbdnbmYmáÄy-t_m[w D¾m-|p-Ibpw
sNàp-Ðp¾v _joá.
]mÃp-Û-bpsS BSm-bmepw ÒpÔm-Ô-s|m-cm-t\-¾máÐp-hm-bmepw
öe-]p-cm-W-ª-fm-bmepw A{X-am{Xw
AáÄ-t_m-[-tÃmsSbmWv _joá`m-j-bp-]-tbm-Kn-|p-Ð-Xv.
A\áL-\n-anjw t]mepè IrXn-I-fnã
kmam-\y-amb AáÄ-Ãn-epè
Imhy-`m-j-X-sÐ-bp-]-tbm-Kn-|p-ÐXv
kÎá`w AXm-h-iy-sÔ-Sp-ÐXv
sIm¾m-Wv.
]q\n-em-hnã FÐ IY-bn-em-bn-cp-Ðntæ
ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnse Gâhpw a[p-c-amb
B Imhy-ku-Îcyw hgn- s¹m-gp-In-bXv?
B ]qhv \osbÌp sNbvXp?
GXv ]qhv?
c~-\-¢{Xw t]mse sNaÐv XpSpÃ
B ]\n-\oá]qhv?
XnSp-|-sÔ-º-t\z-jn-|p-Ð-sX-Ìn\v?
Nhn-ºn-b-c-®p-I-f-t¹m-Ð-dn-bmË
Nhn-ºn-b-c-®p-I-fs¹©n-seÌv?
Hm, HÐp-an-æ, FsÒ lrZ-b-am-bn-cp-Ðp
AXv.
Cu IrXn-bnãX-sÐ-bm-bn-cp-Ðpthm
`má£-ho-\n-e-b-Ãnse
Nph-cnã tImdn-h-c-®nº Cu
tcmZ\w \mw tIºXv?
IS-Ðp-t]m-hpÐ tl,
A²m-X-kp-lr-tÃ,
]mSp-hmË Ign-bp-sa-©nã
Hcp Ipfnã Km\-\n-izm-k-Ãmã
imÌ-tam-l-\-amb Pohn-X-ÃnsÒ
a[p-c-Km-\m-em-]-Ãmã
FsÐ-sbm-Ðp-d-|n-bnºv t]mhq.
FsÐ-sbm-Ðp-d-|n-bnºv t]mhq.
bpÊ-Ãn-s\-Ìn-\m-]pæv
FÐv tNmZn-|pÐ \njvI-f-©-bmb
X©-Û-tNm-Zn-|p-ÐXpw `mjm-{]-tbm-K-kzm-X-{Ìy-ÃnsÒ
a[p-c-amb DZm-l-cWw XsÐ.
Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-hË \mbá, Sn.-]-Ç-\m-`Ë
XpS-ªnb IYmIm-c-Ñmcpw `mjsb
Gâhpw anX-Xz-Ãnepw HuNn-Xy-Ãnepw
D]-tbm-Kn-®-h-cm-Wv. Bhn-jvI-cn-|pÐ
Pohn-X-]-ëm-Ã-e-Ãn-\n-Wªpw
hn[w `mjsb tabm-\-\p-h-Zn-|p-Itbm sIºn-bn-Sp-Itbm
sNàp-Ðp-¾v, Fw.-Sn. “We
are deluged with facts, but we have lost,
or are losing, our human ability to feel
them. Which means that we have lost or are
losing our ability to comprehend the facts
of our experience.” Bá®n-_mçUv
am¡o-jv ]d-bpÐp. `mjA\p-`-h-ª-fpsS
km¢y-am-bn-cpÐp Fw.-Sn. |v Gâhpw
{][m-\-amb kwK-Xn.
Bá®n-_mçUv am¡o-jn-s\-tÔmse
hkvXp-X-I-fpsS {]f-b-Ãnã A\p-`-h-ª-fpsS
kv]áiw \jvS-am-hpÐ am\-h-Ip-e-sÃ-kw-_-Ïn-®pè
thh-em-Xn-bn-emWv Fw.-Sn. FÐpw Ign-¹p-h-Ð-Xv.
Akp-c-hn-Ãnepw \mep-sI-ºnepw
D]-tbm-Kn® `mj-bpsS kuÎcyw Cu
]ëm-Ã-e-Ãn-emWv \mw Adn-bp-
Ð-Xv. a¹n-se-Ãp-tÚmç,
\jvS-sÔ-º-Zn-\-ªç
FÐ kam-lm-c-Ãnse IY-I-fn-eq-dn-|q-Snb
hnjm-Z-ÃnsÒ ]c-tIm-Sn-bnã\mw
FÃn-t®-cp-Ðp. Fw.-Sn.-kzbw
FÃn-t®áÐ Ah-ö-bn-te|v
hmb-\-|msc ssI]n-Sn-®p -sIm-¾p-t]m-hp-ÐXv
ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS A\ym-Zr-i-amb ku`m-Ky-ª-fn-sem-Ðm-Wv.
Bá®n _mçUnsÒ Hcp-
Ê-c-Wnbpw ]pkvX-I-ÃnsÒ
XpS-|-Ãnã tNáÃn-ºp-¾v.
a¹n-ep-d-¹p-Iq-Snb Zp:JsÃ
Fw.-Sn.-hn-h-cn-|p -ÐXv C{]-Im-c-amWv:
Ime-ÃnsÒ ]md-s|-ºp-I-fnã
a¹v hogp-Ðp, Dcp-Ip-Ðp, ho¾pw
a¹nË]-S-e-ªç Dd¹p
IqSn Iº-]n-Sn-|p-Ðp. tIh-e-amb
Be-©m-cn-I-X-bv|-Ôpdw a¹n-e-h-X-cn-Ôn-|pÐ
Pohn-Xw-ap-lqáÃ-ªç
km[q-I-cn-|pÐ Hcp cN-\m-co-Xn-bmWv Fw.-Sn.-kzo-I-cn-|p-Ð-Xv.a¹nse
ImYm-]m-{X-amb kp[oá Ip-amáan{i
Hcn-|ã ]d--bp-Ðp¾v: IY
BÇm-hnã\n-sÐm-gp-Ip-tÚmç
Ihn-X-bm-sW-Ðv.Sn.-]-Ç-\m-`\pw
am[-hn-|p-ºn-bp-saæmw km[q-I-cn-|pÐ
B]vX-hmIyw t]mepè Hcp kw`m-j-W-amWv
CXv.Bgvkvt]mb-ân-| -(Ars Poetica)sbÐ
hnJym-X-amb cN-\-bnãBá®n-_mçUv
amIv eojv Ihn-X-bpsS [áÛw FÌm-sWÐv
\náê-Nn-|p-I-bmWvsNàp-Ð-Xv.
tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn-epè ]gw t]mse ck-Icw,
FÐmã \nî-_vZ-am-bn-cn-|Ww
Ihn-X FÐv XpS-ªn, Ihn-X-sb-Ðmã
]¢n-I-fpsS ]d-|ãt]mse ]Z-c-ln-Xambn-cn-|Ww
(A poem should be wordless
as the flight of birds). FÐpw
N-{ÎË Db-cp-ÐXv t]mse Ne-\-c-ln-X-am-bn-cn-|Ww
IhnX (A poem should
be motion less in time As the moon climbs).FÐpw
Ihn Fgp-Xp-Ðp. HSp-hnã Ihn-Xbv|v
AáÄ-aæ th¾-Xv,
Bbn-Ão-c-emWv ( A
poem should not mean, But be). FsÐgp-Xp-ÐXv
Ihn-Xbv|v AáÄ-ap-¾m-bn-cn-|-cpXv
FÐv \mw hmbn-s®-Sp-|p-I-bm-sW-©nã\ÛpsS
Fgp-Ãp-Imsc \mw a\-ün-em-|msX
t]mhpw. A\p-`-h-km¢yw D¾m |pw
hn[-am-hWw cN-\, AXn--\p-è-Xm-hWw
]Z-kw-tbm-P\w FÐm-Wn-Xn-\áÄw.JeoãPn-{_m\pw
Cu \nî-_vZ-X-sb-Ôân ]d-bpÐp:
\nî-_vZ-X-bpsS \Zn-bnã\nÐv
]m\w sNbvX-æmsX\nªç|v
kXy-Ãnã ]mSm -\m-hn-æ/
]áê-X-irw-K-Ãnã
FÃn-|-gn-¹mã \nªç
Ib-dmËXp-Sªpw/ `qan \nª-fpsS
Ah-b-h-ªç kzÌ-am-|n-bmãam-{Xta\nªç
kXy-Ãnã \rÃ-am-Sp-I-bp-èq.
Gâhpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn `mjsb D]-tbm-Kn®
Ihn-bmWv Sn. Fkv. Fen-bºv . April
is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs
out of the dead land, mixing Memory and
desire, stirring Dull roots with spring
rain. FÐmWv Xcn-ip-`qan Bcw-`n-|p-Ð-Xv.
hk-Ìm-K-a-ÃnsÒkq-NIambnG{]nã
Gâhpw Bÿm-Z-I-c-amb amk-sa-ÐmWv
]d-tb-¾n-bn-cp-Ð-Xv. FÐmã
{]Ir-X-Ãnse Cu G{]nã bpÊm-\-ÌcG{]n-em-Wv.
AXv sIm¾mWv G{]nã Gâhpw
{Iqc-amb amk-am-bn-Ão-cp-Ð-Xv.
arX-`q-an-bnã\nÐv enem|v ]q|ç
hnf-bn-|pÐ amk-am-bn-amdn AXv, hnc-k-amb
thcp-Isf hk-Ì-Im-e-a-g-bn-b-en- f-|n,
HmáÛ-tbbpw {]Xm--i-tbbpw an{i-Ww-sN-àpÐ
amk-ambn amdn G{]nã. hk-ÌáÃp-hnã
Fªns\ PohnXw Xcn-im-|-sÔ-Sp-Ðp-shÐv
`mj-bpsS]mI-sÔ-Sp-Ã-en-eqsS
Xcn-ip-`q-an-bn-em-hn-jvI-cn-|pÐp Fen-b-ºv.
kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS `mjsb kar-Ê-am-|pÐ
hnZy-bmWv kmln-Xyw. Gâhpw Ipd-¹-hm-|p-Iç
\ºv Gâ-hp-a-[nIw hnf-sh-Sp-|pÐ
hnZy-bm-W-Xv. ]pXn-b-I-hn-I-fn-sem-cmç
Cu hnZysb Bhn-jvI-cn-|p-ÐXv A\ym-Zr-i-amb
Ic-hn-cp-tXm-sS-bmWv:
]qÃp-\n-ev|pÐ ]qhnsÒ
kuc`yw sImgn-¹p-t]m-Ip-tam-sbÐv
`b-Ðv,
AXnsÒ Igp-Ã-dpÃv ]pkvX-I-Ãm-fp-Iç|-I-Ãp-kq¢n®v,
kam-[m\w ]qIp-sa-tÐmSv
sIme-]m-X-I-ª-sf-|p-dn®v HÐpw
tNmZn-|-cp-Xv.
]pXnb-Im-e-ÃnsÒ Igp-Ã-dp-ÔË
amXr-I-Iç kqNn-X-am-IpÐ Cu hcn-I-fnã
Ihn-X-\-jvS-am-hm-Xn-cn -|m-\pè AZ-ay-amb
Zmlw {]I-S-am-Wv. FÌnã\nÐpw
]em-b\w sNàpÐ am\-kn-Im-h-ö-bn-te|v
\bn-|-sÔ-SpÐ bph-X-bpsS th]Yp
Cu hcn-I-fnã {]I-S-am-Wv.
CÐv ag-s]-bvXn-d-ªp-ÐXv FsÒ
s\³n-\-I-ÃmWv FÐv Ihn-]-d-bp-tÚmç
agbpw a¹pw Gâp hmªm-\pè
bph-X-bpsS kÐ-ÊX, \nd-a-\üv
Bhn-jvI-cn-| -sÔ-Sp-I-bm-Wv. k^-e-ao-bm-{X-bn-eqsS
I|mSpw ag-Ãpèn XpS-ªnb
Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS kpK-X-Ip-am-cnbpw \nd-s®psh®
`mj-bpsS Bá{Z-ku-Î-cy-\w ]pXn-b-I-hn-I-fnepw
ImWp-Ðp-s¾Ðv kmam-\y-ambn
]d-bmw.
Ime-an-\n-bp-ap-cpfpw, hnjp-h-cpw,
hájw hcpw Xncp-thmWw hcpw,
]nsÐ tbmtcm-X-fn-cn\pw ]qhcpw Imbv hcpw-
AsÔm- -gm-sc-Ðp-sa-sÌÐpamá-|-dnbmw
FÐv I|mSpw
iymta hnj-Á-bmbv \nevt|¾
t]mI\o
Rm\p-a-sÔmã|p-gã tIºtæm
FtÐ XpS-ªnb eoe-bn-Xn-ªs\
\sÛ-|p-g-|p-hm-\m-Wtæm \æXv
\nËIp-fn-cn-ânâp hoW-sXË
s]mèpÐs\ân-ta-em-W-tæm.
FÐv kpK-X-Ip-am-cnbpw ]mSp-tÚmç
Ah-cpsS Km\-e¢yw km¢m-XvIr-X-am-hp-Ðp-¾-tæm.
amwk-ÃnËZp-aq-Ã-sXm-ºp-gn-b-enã\nÐvamdn,
{]mW-\nãtXªpw a[p-c-{]-W-b-ª-sfæmw
]mSn-\n-ev|p-I-btæm Ihn-- sbÐv
thsdmcp Ihn ]mSp-tÚmç XpSn-|pÐ
]Z-ku-Î-cy-ÃnsÒ tim`
\mw km¢y-sÔ-Sp-Ãp-I-XsÐ
thWw.
hoSv P]vXn-sN-àp-tÚmç,
tNmc-s]m-Sn-bpÐ BIm-i-Ãnse shf-p-Ã-]-¢n-I-fpsS
DXvI-WvT-tbmsS, Hcp sImSpw Imâv hcpw
FÐv]mSpÐ Ihn kaq-l-ÃnsÒ
eo\Zp:Jª-en-te|v ]Z-ª-fpsS hmXnã
Xpd-Ðn-Sp-I-bmWv sNàp-Ð-Xv.
\æ IpSpw-_-ª-fnse s]½Ip-ºn-Iç
]ºw ]d-Ôn-|p-Ðnæ
]º-ªç|v \nd-ª-fp¾v
\nd-ªç|v B{K-l-ªç
B{K-l-ª-fm-hsº IpÃn t\mhn-|pÐp
FÐv XpSªn cXn kmIvtk\ s]½Ip-ºn-I-fpsS
ZpcÌw Ah-X-cn-Ôn-|p-tÚmç,
AhnsS `mjbn se efn-X-]-Z-ª-fpsS Kcn-a-háÊn-|p-Ibpw
]Z-hn-\ym-k-ÃnsÒ A]qáê-amb
Hcp \h-am-Xr-I-kr- jvSn-|-sÔ-Sp-Ibpw
sNàp-Ðp. FsÒ \¦-X-
ln-a-Ãn-eqsS \nÐn-te|v ]Xn-|pÐp
FÐ \o¾- ioáj-I-apè\o¾-
Ihn-X-bnã aln-PbpwCXv XsÐ sNàp-Ðp.
Fgp-Xp-sÐ-©nev /Fæm kz]v\-ªfpw/Ihn-X-bm-sW-sÐmÐpw
]d-bmsX
hf-cp-sÐ-©nev /sXªn-s\-tÔmse/sNdp-Im-ân-en-f-Ip-ÐXv
t]mepw/aâmcpw ImWmsX FÐv at\mPv
Ipdqá Fgp-Xp-tÚmgpw \mw `mj-bpsS
IcpÃv Fªns\ Bhm-ln-s®-Sp-|mË
Ihn-Iç|v Ign-bp-saÐv a\-ün-em-|p-Ðp.
My heart trembled/
Wishing to Write a poem/I began to look
for it/Looking at the clouds above/On my
way to School/I saw darkness and sorrow.
Ihn-X-bvt|z¾n taL-Ká`-ª-fn-teIvI
IÁ-b-®-tÔmç, AhnsS
Ccpºpw Zp:Jhpw am{Xw ImWp-I-bmWv Ihn.XnI®pw
efn-X-amWv ]Z-ªç. AáÄ-a-dn-bmÃ
Hcp-hm-|p-an-æ. FÐmã hm|p-I-fpsS
hn\ymkw Bkzm-Z-Is\ IqSp-Xã AKm-[hpw
hnkvXr-X-hp-amb am\-hZp:Jª-fn-te|v
B\-bn-|p-Ðp. `mj-bpsS emfn-Xy-Ãn-eqsS
Pohn-X-am-hn-jvI-cn-|p-I-bmWv SáIn-jvI-hn-bmb
^ntU FáIË ChnsS sNàp-Ð-Xv.
GIm-Ì-X-sb-Ô-ân-bpè
at\m-²-amb Hcp cN-\-bnepw ^ntU emfn-Xy-ÃnsÒ
Cu hgn kzoI-cn-|p-Ðp-¾v.
So many people inside/But
buildings are alone. /So are the trees/On
the long streets. AIw \ndsb At\Iw
a\p-jyá, ]t¢, sIºn-S-ªç
Fæmw GIm-In-Iç; sXcp-h-cn-Inse
ac-ªfpw Aªn- s\. kmln-Xyhpw `mjm-ku-Î-cy-hp-saÐ
Cu hnNmcw A\-Ì-ambn \otº-¾-Xn-æ.
`mj-bmWv kmln-Xy- ÃnsÒ D]-I-c-Ww.
hmsam-gn-sb-©n-ep-amb Hcp `mj. hmsam-gn-bm-hp-tÚmç
`mjbpw AXnse {]tbm-K- ªç t]mepw
s]mXp kzÃm-bn-Ão-cp-Ðp-¾v.
hS-|Ë]m-ºp-I-fnepw aâp-apè
Nne-{]--tbm-K-ªç ]e-I-hn-I fpw
amdn-amdn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ºp-¾v.
IpÐÃv sImÐbpw ]qÃ-t]m-se,
hb-\m-SË a¹fv apdn-®-t]mse
XpS-ªnbh CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ª-fm-Wv.
AtÔmç `mj-bpsS khn-ti-j-amb
kwLm-X-amWv kmlnXyw FÐv hcp-Ðp.Ihn-X-bpsS
DuáÛn-Iç hnSáÐp-h-cp-Ð-Xn-s\-Ôân
sshtem-Ônèn Cªns\ Fgp-Xn-bn-ºp-¾v.
GtXm ioX-f-]m-Wn-Içt]mãhsÐsÐ
ÃgpIo sXÐ-ep-Iç/ IÁ-S-bm-sÃmcp
hmÈ-ey-ÃnË I\nhv \pIáÐv
ab-ªp-tÚmç/ ImevIp-S¹q
hm|p-I-fn-æm|hnX-I-sf-ÐpsS lrZ-b-Ãnã.
Ihn-X-Iç hm|p-I-fn-æm-sX-bmWv
Imev IpS-bp-Ð-sXtÐm? kmln-X-Ny-Ãn\v
hm|pIç ths¾tÐm? kmln-Xy-Ãn-\v,
kmam-\y-ambn Iebv|v IemI-m-csÒ kl-P-amb
Akzm-öyw-a-Xn; B Akzm-öy-amWv
th¾-Xv. ]t¢ HsÐ-Woâv
\nev|-W-sa-©nã Ihn-Xbv|v hm|p-Iç
thWw; AsX, hm|p-I-fn-æmsX ]ân-æ.
DZ-b-|-Xn-cn-s\-apÃpw am\-h-lr-Z-b-Ô-\n-\oáÔq-tÌm-Ônã,
sImèmË hæ-Xp-samÐv
sImSp-|m-Ë Ign-bpÐ Hcp ]pãs®-Sn-bmbn
amd-W-sa-©nã `mj-Iq-Sn-tb-Xo-cq.