ssZh-\m-a-Ãnã,
]mTw HÐv- Hcp hnem]w FÐo c¾p-kn-\n-a-Iç
ae-bm-f-Ãn\p kÛm-\n® \náÛm-Xm-hmWv
Bcym-SË ju|-Ãv. \ná`m-Ky-h-imã
AtÉlw ]mW-|mSv inlm_v Xªfpw
t]cv ]d-bmË FUn-âá|v e±tXm-ÐpÐ
thsdm-cmfpw cmjv{So-b-{]-háÃ\w
\S-ÃpÐ {]tZ-iÃv cmjv{So-b-{]-háÃ\w
\S-ÃpÐ Hcp tIm½{K-üp-Im-c-\m-bn-tÔm-bn.
ctaiv sNÐn-Ã-se-b-Ðp-t]-cpè
Hcp tIm½{Küv {]knU¾pw
DÛË Nm¾n-sb-Ðp-t]-cpè
{]-Xn-]-¢-t\-Xmhpw \bn-|pÐ tIm½{K-ün-ep-am-bn-tÔmbn
ju|-ÃnsÒ {]háÃ-\w.
^e-Ãnã Bç ssZh-ª-sf-Ô-ântbm
CÌyË bqWn-bË apûnw
eoKn-s\-Ô-ântbm Hc-¢cw
]d-bmË ]mSn-sæ-ÐmWv ju|-Ãn-\p-In-ºnb
imk-\w. Cu Zpîm-k-\-Ñmá
tIc-f-Ãnse tIm½{K-üns\
\bn-|p-tÚmç Fhn-sSbm tIm½{K-ün-s\mcp
c¢? C{Xsbms| FgpXp-Ð-Xn\p apÚv
, F\n|v Hcm-fnã {]Xo-¢-bp-¾m-bn-cp-Ðp.
tIm½{K-ü-tæ, Zpá£m-Ôqá{]-tabw
]mkm-|nb ]máºn-b-tæ, kn.-sI.-tKm-hn-ÎË
\mbcpw FÌn\v ap-l-ÛZv A_vZp-d-þm\pw
\bn-®-]máºn-b-tæ,
AXnepw Hcm-fp-¾m-hntæ sbÐm-bn-cpÐp
Btem-N-\. Btem-N\ sNÐp-\n-ÐXv hb-emác-hn-bn-em-Wv.
aâp-è-há ]eXpw ]d-¹-tÔmgpw
hb-emá chn am\y\pw aqey t_m[-apè
tIm½{K-üp-Im-c-\p-am-sWÐv
RmË hymtam-ln-®p. Imc-Ww, tIm½{Küv
CÐsà kmlNcy-Ãnã
tIm½{K-ümbn \ne-\n-ev|-W-saÐv
taml-apè Hcp Iayq-Wn-kvâmWv
RmË. AXnsÒ Imc-W-ªç
hy~w. [oc-\mb hb-emá chn , sagvkn
chn-bpsS `áÃm-hv, t]c-a-I\v
Kpcp-hm-bq-cnã tNmdqWv sImSp-|mËIgn-bmsX
thh-em-Xn-sÔº ]nXm-a-lË
, bph-Xp-á|n, {]W-b-Ku-X-aË-
FsÌ-æm-amWv Rm\-tÉ-l-sÃ-Ôân
sXân-Ê-cn-®Xv? Cd-®n-t|m-gn-sb-Ðp-]-d-bp-Ð-t]mse
hnhm-Z-]m-T-]p-kvXIw FÐæ RmË
]d-bp-I, ]mT-]p-kvX-I-sÃ-Ôân
D¾m|n-bn-cn-|pÐ cmPy-t{Zm-l-]-c-amb
hnhm-Z-Ãnã aâmcp \nÐn-sæ-©nepw
hb-emá chn B ]pkvX-I-ÃnsÒ
`mK-Ãp-\n-ev|p-am-bn-cp-Ðp-shÐv
RmË sXân-Ê-cn-®-Xp-sh-dp-sX.
Imc-Ww, chn hnhmlw Ign¹v Ip¹p-ªfp¾m-bn-|-gn¹
DSs\ sagvkn-bpsS DS-a-ö-\m-hp-Ibpw
a|-fpsS aXhpw PmXnbpw \në-bn-|p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-I-gn-¹n-cpÐp! _jo-dnsÒ
t{]a-te-J\w hmbn-®n-sºm-Ðp-a-ætæm
chn {]W-bn-®-Xv. CÎn-cm-KmÏn
^ntdm-kns\ {]W-bn-®-XpsIm¾pw
Aæ-tæm. AXn\pw apÚv Ncn{Xw
kÛ-Xn-®n-cp-Ðp-sh-©nã,
Ph-lá emã XsÐ kzPo-hnXw
[\y-am-|p-am.-bn-cp-Ð At\Iw Ah-k-c-ªç
AtÉ-l-ÃnsÒ Pohn-X-Ãnepw
D¾m-bn-cp-Ðp-h-tæm. AËhá
djoZpw e¢vao-tZ-hnbpw hnhmlw sNbvXmã
D¾m-hp-Ð-Ip-¹n\v Hcp aXw
sImSptà aXn-bmhq \ÛpsS ]mW-|mSv
Xªç|pw, tIm½{K-üp-Imá|pw
eoKp-Imá|pw, ka-kvX-a-X-hn-`m-K-ªç|pw.
AhÐv Poh-\p¾mm-bmã t]mcm,
aXhpw \evIn-bn-cn-|-Ww. hb-emá chnbpw
Cu A`n-{]mbw ]©p-sh-|pÐp! B-cym-SË
apl-ÛZpw Cu A`n-{]mbw ]©p-sh-bv|pÐp!
ss{IkvX-h-a-X-ta-e-[n-Im-cn-I-fnã
Nne-cpsS CS-b-te-J-\-ªç aX-]-c-amb
kXy-k-ÏX ]peáÃp-Ð-XmtWm
FÐv Ah-cnã Bsc-©nepw BÇ]cn-tim-[-\-\-S-Ãn-bmã
\qâm-¾p-Iç Ign-¹v(
CtÔmç \qâm-Wp-Iç
Ign-tb-¾-Xn-sæ-Ðm-Wtæm
A`n-hÎy t]mÔv Xncp-ta\n sXfn-bn-|p-Ð-Xv)
amÔv ]d-bp-I-sbÐ tImam-fn-Ã-c-Ãnã
\nÐv Ahás|m-gn-hm-ImË ]âpw.
Ncn-{X-Ãnse Gâhpw henb ss{IkvXh
k`m-k-tÛ-f\w s{SÒv Iu½kn-em-bn-cp-Ðp-sh-Ðpw(
1545--1565) B ktÛ-f\w Xocp-am-\n®
NneIm-cy-ªç k`-]-e-tÔm-gmbn
Xncp-Ãn-b-Xm-sWÐpw CÐv Fæm-há|p-a-dn-bmw.
k`-bpsS Dev]-Ãn-ap-Xã \ne-\n-ev|pÐ
hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ª-sfmÐpw CÐhti-jn--|p-Ðn-sæÐv
amá ]ê-Ãn-en-s\-t]m-epè
A]qáêw Nneás|m-gnsI
asâ-æm-há|p-a-dn-bmw.
aX-hn-t{Zm-l-hn-Nm-c-W-t|m-S-Xn, C¾Ivkv
XpS-ªnb öm]-\-ª-sfmÐpw
CÐv \ne-hn-en-æ. C\vJzn-kn-j-s\Ð
B tImS-Xn-bpsS Zpjn® sNbvXn-I-fm-bn-cpÐp
{_qtWm-hnsÒ h[hpw Keo-en-tbm-hnsÒ
XS-hpw. Ah sXâm-bn-cp-Ðp-shÐv
k`-XsÐ ]nÐoSv {]Jy-]n-®p-I-gn-¹-Xm-W-tæm.
hmbn-|mË ]mSn-æm-Ã-Xpw
hmbn-®p-I-gn-¹mã \cIw kp\n-ën-X-hp-amb
]pkvX-I-ª-fpsS ]ºn-I-X-àm-dm|n
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf Gev]n-|p-I-sb-Ð-Xm-bn-cpÐp
C¾-IvknsÒ ZuXyw. AÐp-XsÐ
kvs]bn-\nse ImÃ-en|v N{I-háÃn
CXv Akm-Êy-amb Imcy-am-sWÐv {]-Jym-]n-®n-ºp-¾v.
NoÃ-]p-kvX-I-ªsf Cæmbva
sNàm-\pè \eæ amá£w
\æ ]pkvX-I-ª-fp-W-A-Sm-|p-I-bm-sWÐv
AtÉlw {]Jym-]n-®p. ]ènsb
I®-h-S-tI-{Î-am-|pÐ ^co-i-Ñm-cpsS
Iqº-Ãn-emtWm ItÃm-en-|m-k-`-bpsS
Nne-Xn-cp-ta-\n-am-sc-©nepw FÃn-\n-ev|p-Ð-sXÐv
Ahá HÐm-tem-Nn-®p-t\m-|n-bmãa-Xn.
CsX-gp-Xp-tÚmç
aX-an-æmÃv PohË FÐ
]mTw amâp-Ð-Xn-s\-Ôân
]mT-]p-kvX-I-]-cn-tim-[-\m-k-anXn Btem-Nn-|p-Ð-Xmbn
]{X-ª-fnã hmáÃ-Im-Wp-Ðp-¾v(
2008 Pqsse 15). A{X henb Akw-_-Ï-Ãn-te|v
tUmIvSá sI. FË. ]Wn-|á
AÊy-¢-\mb Hcp kanXn t]mhptam
FÐv I¾-dn-b-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ãnã
tIm{Ú-ssakv thWw, ]t¢, cmPy-ÃnsÒ
`c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb aqey-ª-fnã
tIm{Ú-ssakv Bhmtam FÐv ]cn-tim-[-\m-k-anXn
Btem-Nn-|p-saÐv \ap|v {]Xym-in-|mw.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-hn-hm-Z-ap-¾m-b-Xns\
XpSáÐv ]ecpw aX-Im-cy-ª-fnã
]mWvUn-Xy-hp-ambn cwK-{]-thiw sNàp-Ðp-¾v.
Jeo^m Haá Ae-Ivkm-{¾n-b-bnse
al-Ãmb {KÍm-ebw \in-Ôn-®p-shÐv
Hcp \nba k`m kmam-Pn-IË kwkm-cn-®p.
AtÉlw AXnã ]nÐoSv tJZ-{]-I-S\w
\S-Ãp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kXy-Ãnã
Ae-Ivkm{¾ym {KÍm-e-b-ÃnËsc
\io-I-c-Wsà Ôân Nne sFXn-ly-ªçam-{X-amWv
\ÛpsS apÐn-ep-è-Xv. Hcp
Imcyw am{X-amWv IrXy-ambn ]d-bmË Ign-bp-Ð-Xv;
Ae-I-cvkm-{¾n-b-bnã al-Ãmb
Hcp {KÍ-ti-J-c-ap-¾m-bn-cp-Ðp,
AXv ]nÐoSv \inÔn-|-sÔ-Sp-I-bp-¾m-bn.
sFXn-ly-ªç {]Imcw aqÐv t]á
Cu {KÍm-e-ÃnsÒ \mi-Ãn-\p-Ã-c-hm-Zn-I-fmbn
]d-b-sÔ-Sp-Ðp. Pqen-bkv koká,
Xntbm-^n-enkv ]m{Xn-bmá|o-kv, Jeo^m
Haá. ka-Nn-Ã-X-tbmsS Ncn{Xw
ssIImcyw sNàpÐ Bcw CÐv Cu
sFXn-ly-ª-fnã hniz-kn-|p-Ðn-æ.
hnã UypdmÒn-s\bpw AtÉ-l-ÃnsÒ
Ncn-{Xm-Jym-\-ª-tfbpw Iqºp-]n-Sn®v
Jeo^m Ha-dns\ Ipâ-hm-fn-bm-|mË
{kan-|p-ÐXv auVy-am-bncn-|pw. Akw-_ÏPUn-e-amWv
hnãUyp-dmÒv \nc-ÃpÐ
hmZ-ap-J-ªç.
= {KÍm-e-b-Ãnse ]pkvX-I-ªç
ssZh-{K-Í-tÃmSv tNáÐp-t]m-hp-Ðp-sh-©nã
Ah-sIm¾v {]tbm-P-\-an-æ, tNáÐp-t]m-hm-Ã-h-sb-©nã
Ah \in-Ôn-|-sÔ-tS-¾-I-XmWv=
FÐ aºn-epè hmZ-ª-fmWv
Ncn-{Xsà IY-bm|n amânb hnã
UypdmÒv Jeo^m Ha-dnsÒ hmbnã
Xncp-In-s|m-Sp-Ãn-ºp-è-Xv.
hnã UypdmÒv BJym\ kuIp-amcyw
am{X-apè, tIhew BÇ-\n-jvT-amb
coXn-bnãtem-I-N-cn-{Xsà hne-bn-cp-Ãnb
]¢-]m-Xn-bmb Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-c-\m-sWÐv
s]mXpsh Ncn{X]WvUn-X-Ñmá hne-bn-cp-Ãn-bn-ºp-¾v.
Jeo-^-sb-tÔmse {]mam-Wn-I\pw DZm-c-lr-Z-b\pw
hnip-Ê-a-\üpw Bb Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Imcn
Cª-s\-sbm-c-kw-_Ïw Fgp-Ð-èn-|p-saÐv
]d-bmË Cûmw _má_m-dn-k-am-sWÐv
hmZn-|pÐ Hcmç|p-am-{Xta ]d-bm\m-hq.
hnãUypdmÒnsÒ CÌym-]-T-\-am-cw-`n-|p-Ð-Xp-XsÐ
CXp-t]m-ep-sèm-c-kw-_-Ï-hp-am-bn-ºm-Wv.
aâp-P-\-k-aq-l-ªç ITn-\m-Êzm\w
sNbvXp-sIm-¾n-cp-Ð-tÔmç
CÌy Ime-hájsà am{Xw
D]-Po-hn-®p Ign-¹p-shÐpw Ime-hájw
CæmÃLº-ª-fnã
tam¢-sÃ-Ô-ân-kz]v\w
I¾v, ]ºnWn InS-Ðp-a-cn-®p-sh-Ðp-amWv
aqÔá sh®p-Im-®p-Ð-Xv.
{]mNo-t\-Ìy-sb-Ô-ân-bpè
Dç|m-gvN-\n-d¹ Hcp-]mSv ]T-\-ªç\n-e-\n-evs|-bmWv
AÏ-hn-izmkXpey-amb Cu {]kvXmhw hnãUyp-dmÒv
C\vsXy-Ôân \S-Ãp-Ð-Xv.
Ncn-{X-am-sWÐ aºnã, Cu hnh-c-t|Sv
Fgp-Ð-èn-|pÐ ]e-cp-ap-¾-tæm.
sshkvNmËk-eá ]Z-hn-bn-en-cn-|p-Ð-há
hsc Cu Akw-_Ïw Fgp-Ð-èn-|p-tÚm-gmWv
kwKXn Kuc-h-X-c-am-hp-Ð-Xv.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-hn-hm-Z-hp-am-bn-_-Ï-sÔº
{]kw-K-ªç Ah-km-\n-Ôn-|p-Ibpw,
]mT-]p-kvXIw P\-ªç|v hmbn-|mË
sImSp-|p-I-b-amWv th¾Xv FÐv Rªç
Icp-Xp-Ðp. P\-ªsf kv]áÊ-bnepw
i{Xp-X-bnepw háÃn-|p-Ð-Xn\v
t{]c-I-amWv ]e hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ªfpw
FÐp XW-ensÒ ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn
hniz-kn-|p-Ðp.
BW-h-I-cmá
Cu e|w hmb-\-|m-cn-se-Ãp-tÚmç
Hcp-]-t¢, BW-h-I-cmá HÔn-ºp-I-gn-¹n-cn-|mw.
{][m-\-a-{Ìn|p shfn®w h-Ðp-shÐ
Hc-`n-{]mbw apsÚm-cn-|ã Cu
]w~n-bnã {]I-Sn-Ôn-®n-cp-Ðp.
AXv hfsc Zp:JtÃmsS ]nË hen-|p-Ðp.
cm-Py-Xm-ev]-cy-sa-Ìm-sWÐp Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmÃ
Hcp-{]-[m-\-a{ÌnsbÔân
Zp:Jn|p-I-b-æmsX \náhm-l-an-æ.
Ipsd bqWnâv sshZypXn ]Ãn-cp-]Xv
háj-ªç|v tijw D¾m-|mË
Ign-bp-sa-Ð-Xn-\mã temI-cm-Py-ª-fn-seæmw
Zpjvt]cv am{Xw hcp-Ãn-bn-ºpè,
\Û-psS kzm`m-hn-I-kp-lr-Ã-æmÃ
Hcp-cm-Py-hp-ambn BWh |cm-sdm-Ôn-Sp-ÐXv
Hcp-Im-c-W-h-imepw \ymbo-I-cn-|m-hp-Ð-X-æ.
aqÐmw
háj-Ãn-te|v
XWã aqÐmw háj-Ãn-te|v
IS-|p-I-bm-Wv. CXn-\Iw Fºv e|-ªç
hÐp-I-gn-¹p. CwKvfo-jnepw ae-bm-f-Ãn-ep-ambn
BsI 16 e|ªç. AÚS Rmt\
FÐv Al-©-cn-|p-Ð-Xn\p ]Icw
hfsc hn\-b-tÃmsS klm-bn-®-hás|æmw
\În Adn-bn-|p-I-bm-Wv.
Cu
am-K-kn-\n-eqsS temI-ÃnsÒ
]e-`m-KÃpw FÃn-t®áÐ
Ihn-X-Iç, aâp-c-N-\-Iç
ae-bm-f-Ãnse Fgp-Ãp-Im-scbpw
klm-bn-|p-Ðp-¾v. Ign-hp-è-há|v
Hcp XpdÐ hmXnã BWv XWã-Hm½sseË.
Hcp Cdm-\n-bË kplrÃv FsÒ
Ihn-X-Iç ^mákn-`m-j-bnã
hnháÃ\w sNbvXv Hcp-]p-kvX-I-am-|n-s|m-¾n-cn-|p-Ibm-Wv.
Cdm-\nse {]i-kvX-amb Hcp ]pkvX-I-{]-Im-i\
öm]-\-am-WXv {]knÊwsNàp-Ð-Xv.
A\-iz-c-Ko-X-ªç FÐmWv B
Imhy kam-lm-c-Ãn\v \evI-sÔ-ºn-cn|pÐ
t]cv. tUm. A_Zvèm ^ákm-Zn-sb-tÔm-epè
{]ikvX-\n-cq-]-Iá FsÒ Nne-c-N-\-Iç
]Tn®v CwKvfo-jnepw ^mákn-bnepw
Fgp-Xp-Ðp-s¾Ðpw Adn-bn-|-sº.
aeb-m-f-Ãnã th¾{X cN-\-Iç
e`n-|p-Ðn-sæÐ ]cn-`hw hmb-\-|m-cp-ambn
]©p-sh-bv|-sº; AXp-t]mse Kkvâv
_p|v FÐ ]w~n-bnã ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS
A`n-{]m-b-ªç th¾{Xhcp-ÐnsæÐpw.
FUn-âá
|