 (AÌ-cn®
CtÌm-t\-jyË GIm-[n--]Xn kplmátXm-hns\
apË\náÃn Hcmtem-N-\)
(H-Ðv)
BapJw
Z¢n-W-]qátê-jym-`q-J-WvU-ÃnsÒ
Xoc-{]-tZ-i-amWv CtÌm-t\-jyË
Bá®n-s]-em-tKm( Zzo]-k-aq-lw).
BsI 13, 700 Zzo]p-I-fpè Cu {]tZ-isÃ
Ggm-bn-c-tÃmfw Zzo]p-I-fnã
P\-hm-k-an-æ. cW-ASp eIvj-tÃmfw
NXp-c-{i-Intem aoâ-dmWv CXnsÒ
hnkvXoáWw. 2002se IW|v {]Imcw P\-kwJy
22-tIm-Sn-tbmfw hcpw. apÐq-dn-e-[nIw
hwio-b-hn-`m-K-ª-fp¾v CtÌmt\-jybnã.
Ah s]mXp-hnãaqÐv {][m\ hn`m-K-ª-fnãs]-Sp-Ðp.
1. Pmhbnse Acn-bp-ev]m-Z-Icpw Abã{]-tZ-i-ª-fnse
apûnw-Ifpw DçsÔ-Sp-ÐXmWv
HÐm-asà hn`m-Kw.2. Xoc-tZ-i-ap-ûnw-Ifpw
kpam-{X-bnse aem-b-|mcmb-ap-ûnw-I-fmWv
c¾mw-hn-`m-K-Ãn-ep-è-Xv.
3. Zmb-|p-Ifpw aâv hwiob hn_m-K-ª-fp-amWv
aqÐmw {KqÔn-ep-è-Xv. `mkm
CtÌm-t\-jy-bmWv HutZym-Kn-I-`m-j.
thsd Ccp-Ðq-â-n-b-ÚXv `mj-Iç
IqSn Cu Zzo]-k-aq-l-ª-fnã {]Nm-c-Ãn-ep-¾v.
aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fnã F½]Xv iX-am-\-Ãn-e-[nIw
apûnw-I-fm-Wv. lnÎp---_p-Ê-a-X-ª-fm-Wv
aâp-{]-[m-\-a-X-ªç. alm-`q-cn-]-¢hpw
apûnw-I-fm-sW-©nepw lnÎp-a-X-ÃnsÒ
kzm[o\w hy]-I-amWv CtÌm-t\-jy-bnã._men-Zzo-]n-emWv
Cu kzm[o\w hfsc kv]jvS-ambn ImWm-hp-Ð-Xv.
CtÌm-t\-jyË IdËkn cp]y
BWv. Fæm CtÌm-t\-jyË t]cp-I-fnepw
CÌyËkzm-[o\w kphy-~-am-Wv. kpImátWm
FÐmã kpIáWË-F-Ð-XnsÒ
Hcp ]mT-t`-Z-am-Wv. ]Çm-h-Xn, e¢van,
taLm-hXn FsÐms| CtÌm-t\-jyËap-ûnw-Iç
t]cn-Sp-ÐXv ]cn-jvIm-c-am-bn-º-æ,
Ah-cpsS kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS Hcp `mK-sa-Ð-\n-e-bn-em-Wv.
]Ãv iX-am\w `qan-am-{X-amWv Irjn-tbm-Ky-am-bn-ºp-è-Xv.
Acn-bmWv {][m-\-Imájn-tIm-ev]-Ðw.
DjvW-ta-Jem hrjvSn-tZ-i-ª-tfm, A¦n-]áê-X-tZi-ªtfm
BWv Zzo]p-I-fnãan-|-h-bpw. No\-bp-ambn
HÐmw \qâm-¾vap-Xã
hmWn-Py-_-Ï-ap-è-{]-tZ-i-amWv
CXv. CÌynã\nÐv tNmf-cm-Pm-|-Ñmcpw
aâpw hfsc apÚv XsÐ kpam-{X,
{iohn-Pb XpS-ªnb CtÌm-t\-jvbË{]-tZ-i-ªç
ssIh-i-sÔ-Sp-Ãn-b-Xn\v Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-¾v.
CÌyË I®-h-S-|m-cn-eq-sS-bm-Wt{X
CtÌm-t\-jy-bnã-Cûmw
{]N-cn-®-Xv. ]Xn-aqÐmw \qâm-¾n-em-Wn-Xm-cw-`n-|p-Ð-Xv.
{ItaW Cûmw hy]-I-ambn {]N-cn-|p-Ibpw
CtÔmç cmPy-ÃnËsc
HutZym-Kn-I-a-X-am-bn-Ão-cp-Ibpw
sNb-Xp. temI-Ãnã Gâ-hp-a-[p#nIw
apûnw P\-ª-fpè cmPy-amWv
CtÌm-t\-jy. c¾mw-öm\w
CÌy-|m-Wv. ]Xn-\mdmw \qâm-¾n-emWv
bqtdm-]yË A[n-\n-thiw Bcw-`n-|p-Ð-Xv.
]Xn-t\gmw iXIw apXã 1942-hsc U®v
B[n-]-Xy-am-bn-cp-Ðp. B hájw
PmÔ-\okv B{I-a-W-ap-¾m-bn.
1945ã kpImátWm CtÌm-t\-jy-bpsS
kzmX{Ìyw {]Jym-]n-®p.
(c-¾v)
LmX-I-Ñm-cpsS hmgvN
Ncn-{X-Ãnã LmX-I-Ñm-cpsS
]ºn-I-bn-emWv kplmátÃm-hnsÒ
öm\w. asâæm LmX-I-Ñm-scbpw
t]mse k©p-NnXtZiobXbm-bn-cpÐp Abm-fp-tSbpw
Bbp-[w. tkmjy-en-k-tÃm-Spw, sXmgn-em-fn-há£-tÃm-Sp-apè
hntcm-[w, \yq\-]-¢-ªçs|-Xn-cmb
hymP-{]-Nm-c-th-e, ]ºm-f-i-~n-bnepè
Aan-Xamb hnizmkw, ISpà há£o-b-X,
hwio-b-hn-Imcw Bfn-|-Ãn-|ã
XpSªn temI-sêpw ^mkn-kvcvdp-Iç
D]tbm-Kn-|m-dpè Fæm lo\-X-Ifpw
LmX-I-Ñm-cnã A[-a-\mb Cu GIm-[n-]-Xnbpw
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ºp-¾v. sXc-s¹-Sp-Ôp-Iç
tIhew {]l-k-\-am-|n-am-âp-Ibpw CXp-hgn
P\m-[n-]-Xy-saÐ al-\obamb Bi-bsÃ
hnIrX-am-|p-Ibpw sNbvXp, kplmátÃm.
Cu lo\-X-Içs|æmw Abmç|v
Iqºv \nÐ-Xv, P\m-[n-]-Xy-ÃnsÒ
t]cnã hmtXm-cmsX kwkm-cn-|p-Ibpw,
apX-e-|-Áo-scm-gp-|p-Ibpw sNàpÐ
Ata-cn-|Ë sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fpw.
Ign¹ amkw 27\v ( 2008 P\p-hcn 27-\v)
kplmátÃm acn-®tÔmç
temI-Ãnse Ip{]-kn-Ê-cmb LmX-I-Ñm-cn-sem-cm-fmWv
acn-®-Xv. Bw\kvân CÒá\m-j-\ãap-Xã,
temI-Ãnse Gâhpw henb ká®v
sajo-\p-Içhsc Cbmsf Gâhpw henb
LmX-I-Ñm-cpsS Iqº-Ãn-emWv
s]Sp-Ãn-bn-cn-|p-Ð-Xv. lnâve-dp-sS,
aptüm-fn-\n-bp-sS, {^mt©m-hn-sÒ,
CZn Aao-sÒ, s^áUn-\mÒv
amát|m-kn-sÒ, At\Iw Ata-cn-|Ë{]-kn-U¾p-am-cpsS
Iqº-Ãnã kplmátÃm-hn\v
hen-b-öm\w \evIn-bn-ºp-¾v.
]t¢, CXv, GsX-©nepw krjvSyp-Ñp-J-amb
{]háÃ-\-ÃnsÒ
t]cn-e-æ, lo\-amb a\p-jy-]m-X-I-ª-fpsS
t]cn-em-Wv. Cbmça-cn-®-tÔmç,
Atacn| sNbvX-Xv, Cbm-fpsS t]cnã IÁo-scm-gp-|p-I-bmWv.
A.-bmç Pohn-®-ncn-|p-tÚm-gm-h-sº,
ac-W-a-S-¹-tÔm-gmh-sº, Hcn-|-se-©nepw
Abm-fpsS Incm-X-{]-háÃ-\-ªç|v
XS-bn-SmË Ata-cn-|Ë`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iç
sNdp-hn-c-e-\-|n-bn-æ.
hmjn-MvS½ CtÌm-t\-jy-bnã
^e-{]-Z-ambn CS-s]-ºXv 1998ãam-X-c-am-Wv.
AÐm-hsº Ata-cn-|-bpsS {]kn-U¾v
_nã¡nÒ½ Bbn-cp-Ðp.
¡nÒ½ kplmátÃm-hn-t\m-Sv
t^m½aptJ\ Bh-iy-sÔ-ºXv
sF. Fw. F^nsÒ \n_-Ï-\-Iç
]cn-]qáW-ambn \S-Ôm-|-W-sa-Ð-t{X.kplmátÃm
FtÔmgpw sNbvXp-sIm-¾n-cp-ÐXv
AXm-bn-cp-Ðp. km{am-Py-Xz-Ãn\v
hgªn, kzÌw kÚ-Zvhy-h-ösb
]qáW-ambpw km{am-Pym-\p-Iq-ehpw kzIm-cy-aq-e-[-\-ÃnsÒ
Zmky-th-e-sN-àp-Ð-Xp-am-|n-Ãoá|p-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.s]mXp-ta-Jem
öm]-\-ª-sfæmw kzIm-cy-h-XvI-cn-|p-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.
kpImátWm-hnsÒ ImesÃ
\mam{X-amb kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-t]mepwAbmç
Cæm-bva-sN-bvXp. AtÔmgpw Ah-km-\-Im-e-Ãp-t]m-epw,
kplmátÃm-hnsÒ ]X\w
Bk-Ð-am-sWÐv bp. Fkv. Nmc-h-e-b-Ãn\v
]qáW-amb Adn-hp-¾m-bn-cpÐ
Ime-Ãp-t]mepw, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ªç
Nhn-ºn-sa-Xn-|pÐ \b-ªçXn-cp-Ã-W-saÐv
Hcp ]mëmXy i~nbpw kplmátÃm-hn-t\mSv
Bh-iy-sÔ-ºn-æ. X\n-|m-hp-Ðn-S-tÃmfw
Abmç CtÌmt\-jyËP-\-Xsb
\in-Ôn-®p. 1965se Iqº-s|m-e-I-fn-epw,
1969ã ]ën-a-]m#p-]mh ]nSn-®-S-|p-Ð-Xnepw
1975ã In|ËXn-tam-dns\ B{I-an-|p-Ð-Xnepw
1983--84se Zpcq-l-sIm-e-]m-X-I-ª-fp-saæmw
Ata-cn-|Ë`-c-W-Iq-Shpw temI-km-{am-Py-i-~n-Ifpw
kplmátÃm-hn-t\m-sSmÔw
\nÐp. AtÔm-sgms| kzmX{Ìy{]-Jym-]-\-tc-J-bn-eqsS
öm]n-X-amb Ata-cn-|ËP-\m-[n-]Xyw
Abm-fpsS CjvS-tXm-g\pw kplr-Ãp-ambn
\ne-sIm-¾p.
FtÌ CXn\v ImcWw? kplmátÃm-hn-s\-tÔm-epè
Hcp LmX-IsÒ Pohn-X-Ãnse \mçh-cn-IçsIm¾v
aeo-a-k-am-|m-\p-è-X-æ, sXmgn-em-fn-há£-]{XÃnsÒ
Ate-J-Iç. FMn-Inepw Cua-\p-jym[-[-asÒ
lo\-X-bpsS Bghpw ]cÔpw Adn-bp-Ð-Xn\v
Abm-fpsS Pohn-X-Ãn-eqsS HÐv ItÁm-Sn-t|-¾-Xp-¾v.
GIm-[n-]-Xn-Iç Fªs\ D¾m-hp-Ðp-sh-Ðv,
km{am-PyXzw AXns\ Fªs\ klm-bn-|p-Ðp-shÐv
a\-ün-em-|p-Ð-Xn\v CXm-h-iy-am-Wv.
(aq-Ðv)
bpÊm-h-ö-bpsS kuIcyw
aÊy-Pm-h-bnse Hcp {Kma-Ãnã
1921 Pq½ 8\mWv kplmátÃm
P\n-|p-Ð-Xv. P\\w Iáj-I-Ip-Spw-_-Ãn-em-bn-cp-Ðp-sh-©nepw
Xmc-X-tay\ \æ-hn-Zym-`ym-k-amWv Abmç|v
e`n-®-Xv. FÐmã Abm-fpsS Ipºn-|mew
Zpcq-lhpw sshj-ay-ªç \n-d-¹-Xp-am-bn-cp-Ðp-sh-Ðv
, hnh-c-W-ªç ImWn-|p-Ðp.
AÛ-bpsS t]cv kpIn-tc, A°Ë
sIátXm kp[o-tcm. Ahá ]nW-ªn-Ôn-cn-¹n-cp-Ðp-shÐv
Nne-hn-h-c-W-ªç ]d-bp-tÚmç
kpIn-tcm-hnã kp[o-tcm-hn-\p-¾mb
Ahn-ln-X-k-Ìm-\-amWv kplmátÃm-shÐv
aâp-Nn-e-hn-h-c-W-ªç ]d-bp-Ðp.XÌ-bn-æm-Ã-h-s\Ðv
ImWn-|m-s\m-Ðp-am-bn-cp-Ðn-æ,
AXv. cmjv{So-b-Ãnã Hºpw
Xmev]-cy-an-æm-sX-bmWv kplmátÃm
hfáÐp-h-Ð-Xv. tImf-Wn-hn-cp-Ê-k-a-c-Ãn-tem,
tZio-b-hn-tam-N-\-Ãntem sXæp
Xmev]cyw {]InSnÔn®ncp-Ðn-æ,
kplmátÃm. ka-Im-en-I-\mb kpImátWm-hm-I-tº,
sNdp-Ô-Ãnte tZio-bt_m[-Ãmã
Bth-i-`-cn-X-\m-bn-cp-Ðp. kplmátÃm-hn\v
U®v XpS-ªnb tImfWn ta[m-hn-I-fpsS
`mjbpw Adn-bn-æm-bn-cp-Ðp. 1940ã
U®vssk\y-Ãnã( tdmbã
s\XáemÒvkv CukvânÌokvBáan)
tNáÐ-Xns\ XpSáÐv kplmátÃm
U®v `mj ]Tn-®p. Ipd®v Imew Hcp
_m©nã tPmen sNbvX-Xn\v tij-amWv
Abmç ssk\y-Ãnã tNáÐ-Xv.
c¾mw temI-a-lm-bp-Ê-ÃnsÒ
^e-ambn IqSp-Xãssk-\n-Itc Bh-iy-ambn
hÐ ]ëm-Ã-e-Ãn-ã
kplmátÃm-hn\v ssk\y-Ãnã
Db-cmË km[n-®p. U®v ssk\n-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw
t\Sm\pw s\XáemÒkv A[n-Im-cn-Isf
{]oW-nÔn-|m\pw Abmç|v Ign-¹p.
CtÌm-t\-jy-s|-Xn-cmbn PmÔ-\okv
`ojWn \ne-\n-Ðn-cp-Ð-Xn-\mã
]c-am-h[n tZio-b.-bu-h-\sà km{am-Pym-[n-]Xyw
\ne-\náÃp-Ð-Xn\v th¾n
D]-tbm-Kn-|p-I-sbÐ U®v \bÃnsÒ
KpW-^-e-ªç Adn-bmsX kplmátÃm-hns\
hmásÃ-Sp-|p-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.
{ItaW Abmç ssk\y-Ãn-ep-báÐp
hÐp. kzÌ-amb GsX©nepw {]Xn-`-bpsS
^esamÐp-am- bn-cp-Ðn-æ, bpÊm-h-ö-bpsS
kuIcyw am{X-am-bn-cp-ÐpkplmátÃm-hns\
hmásÃ-Sp-Ã-Xv. U®v
ssk\y-Ãnã kmáPÒm-bn-cpÐ
kplmátÃm, U®v ssk\yw ]cm-P-b-sÔ-º-Xns\
XpSáÐv PmÔ-\okv ]¢Ãv
tNcp-I-bpw, PmÔv t]meo-knsÒ
CÒ-en-PËkv hn`m-K-Ãnã
tPmen t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]nÐo-S-bmç
Pm-Ô-\p-Iqe anen-jy-bnã tNáÐp-{]-háÃn-®p.
CtÌm-t\-jyËbp-hm-|fnã
U®v hncp-Ê-tZ-io-b-hn-Imcw krjvSn-|p-Ð-Xn-\mWv
Cu anenjy {]m[m-\yw-\-evIn-bn-cp-Ð-Xv.
Cu U®v hncp-Ê-tZ-io-b-hn-Imcw
PmÔ-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-|mË Ahá{]-tXyIw
{iÊn-®n-cp-Ðp. Cu ]cn-io-e-\-Ãnã\n-ÐmWv
tZio-b-ssk-\n-I-{]Xy-imkv{Xw kplmátÃm-hnã
cq]-sÔSp-Ð-sXÐv Abm-fpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-c-N-bn-Xm-|ç
A`n-{]m-b-sÔ-Sp-Ðp-. ISp-Ã-]-cn-io-e-\-Ãn-eqsS
hfsc ISpà ssk\n-I-a-t\m-`mhw bphm-|-fnã
hfáÃn-sb-Sp-|mË PmÔv
]cn-io-e-Iá|v Ign-¹p. kplmátÃm
Ah-cpsS Hcp hmáÔv amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp,
Nncn-®p-sIm¾v sImæpÐ
amXr-I.
c¾mw temI-a-lm-bp-ÊÃnã
PÔmË ]cm-P-b-sÔ-ºp.
CXv tZio-b-hm-Zn-Iç|v A\p-Iq-e-amb
Ah-kcw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. tZio-b-hn-tam-N-\-Ãn\v
th¾n U®p-Imá|pw ]nÐoSv
PmÔv ta[m-hn-XzÃn\pw FXnsc
t]mcm-Snb kpImátWm-hn\pw apl-ÛZv
lÃbv|pw \sæm-c-h-k-c-am-bn-cpÐp
CXv. Ahá CtÌm-t\-jy-bpsS ]qáW-kzm-X{Ìyw
{]Jym-]n-®p. CtÌm-t\-jyË
tZio-b-hn-Õhw Bcw-`n-®-Xmbn AháAdnbn-®p.
kpImátWm-hnsÒ ]³-io-e-X-Ãz-ª-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb
Hcp CtÌm-t\-jyÒdn-]-Ùn|v
cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn. tZio-ssbIyw, kzX-{Ì-]-c-am-[n-Im-c-dn-]-Ùn|pI-fpsS
kap-®-b-Ãnã HÐv FÐhnizm-k-Ãn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb
kmáh-tZ-io-b-t_m-[w, {]mXn-\n[y P\m-[n-]-Xyw,
kmaq-ln-I-\o-Xn( amáIvkn-k-ÃnsÒ
kzm[o-\-am-Wn-hnsS ImWp-Ð-Xv), skIyq-e-dn-kÃne-[n-jvTn-X-amb
BkvXn-IX-F-Ðn-h-bm-bn-cpÐp ]³-io-e-X-Ãz-ªç.
]t¢, kzX{Ì CtÌmt\-jysb
temIw AwKo-I-cn-|p-Ð-Xn\v ssk\n-I-\-S-]Sn
Bh-iy-ambn hÐp. Chn-sSbpw Ah-kcw kplmátÃm-hns\
tXSn-sb-Ãp-I-bmbn-cp-Ðp. ssk\n-I-Ip-X-{Ì-ª-fnã
]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-bn-cpÐ kplmátÃm
Cu Ah-kcw icn|pw apX-em-|n. PmÔv ssk\ysÃ
XpS®p \o|p-Ð-Xn\pw kwLáj-Ãn-\n-S-bnã
Zzo]-k-aq-l-Ãnse Ah-ti-jn® kzÃv
ssIh-i-sÔ-Sp-Ãm-\pè
U®v {ia-ª-tf ]cm-P-b-sÔ-SpÃp-Ð-Xn\pw
tZio-b-{]-öm-\-ÃnsÒ klmb-tÃmsS
ssk\y-Ãn\v Ign-¹p. CXnã
]s©-Sp-Ã-Xn-\mã, CtÌm-t\-jyË
hnÕ-h-ssk-\yÃnã (People’s
Security Body (BKR)) Daák-em-a-ÃnsÒ
sU]yq-ºn-bmbn kplmátÃm-hn\v
\nb-a\w e`n-®p. inYn-e-amb tZio-b-ssk-\n-I-L-S-I-ªsf
kwtbm-Pn-Ôn-|p-Ð-Xn\v, CXn-\Iw
X\n|v e`n® ssk\n-Im-\p-`-h-ªç
{]tbm-P-\-sÔ-Sp-ÃmË kplmá-tXm-hn\v
Ign-¹p. Cu tkh-\-ªç ]cn-K-Wn®v
Abmsf ]Ãmw _âm-en-bsÒ
taP-dmbn öm\-|-bâw \evIn \nb-an-®p.
FÐmã c¾mw temI-a-_-lm-bp-Ê-Ãn\v
tij-ap-¾mb kw`-h-ªç A{]-Xo-¢n-X-am-bn-cp-Ðp.
]gb önXn-K-Xn-I-fn-te|v temIw Xncn-®p-t]m-h-W-saÐ
\nëbw (status quo
ante bellum) U®p-ImáZp-cp-]-tbm-Kv]-s]-Sp-ÃmË{i-an-®p.
CtÌm-t\jy ho¾pw U®v hcp-Xn-bn-em-|m-\pè
{ia-Ãn-s\-Xnsc tZio-b-{]-öm\w
i~-amb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Ãp. CXv U®v
ssk\yhpw CtÌmt\-jyËssk-\y-hp-am-bpè
Gâp-ap-º-en-seÃp-Ibpw
Cu Gâp-ap-º-enã kplmátÃm-hn\v
henb Ah-k-c-ªç e`n-|p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
1946 sabv 17\v \SÐ henb Hcp U®v
aptÐ-âsÃXS-bmË kplmátXm-hn\v
Ign-¹p; CXv hgn kzÌw ssk\ym-[n-]-\mb
kp\mátXm Ipkp-tam-ZnátPm-hnsÒ
{]oXn t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ãp. kp\mátXm
AbmsftZiobssk\n-I-L-S-\-bpsS cq]-tc-J-Iç
Fgp-Xn-bp-¾m-|mËNp-a-X-e-sÔ-Sp-Ãn.Ah-k-c-ªçap-X-se-Sp-|m-\pè
kplmátÃm-hnsÒ {ia-ªçXp-SáÐp.
Cu Lº-Ãnã AhoË Iè-|-S-Ãp-Im-cp-ambn
kplmátÃm _Ï-sÔ-ºn-cp-Ð-Xmbn
Nne-hn-h-c-W-ªç ]d-bpÐp¾v.
1947ã CtÌm-t\jy ]nSn-®-S-|p-Ð-Xn\v
U®p-Imá ho¾pw {ian-®p.
1948ã CtÌm-t\-jyËssk\yw
kÚqáWambn ]cm-P-b-sÔ-Sp-Ibpw
tZiob t\Xm-|-fmb kpImátWmhpw lÃbpw
aâpw U®p-Im-cpsS XS-hn-em-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. XpSáÐv \SÐ sKmcn-æm-bp-Ê-ap-d-Iç
Hc-f-thmfw CtÌm-t\-jyË BÇ-hn-izmkw
hfáÃp-Ð-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn.
tZiob t\Xr-Xz-ÃnsÒ \náWm-b-I-amb
]nÌp-W-bnæmsX sKmdnæm
kacw \S-|p-I-bn-æm-bn-cp-Ðp. CXv
P\-ª-fnã U®v hncp-Ê-{]-Xn-tcm-[-Ãn-\pè
Bthiw krjvSn-®p.Hmtcm \S-]-Snbpw XsÒ
bi-üp-báÃp-hm-\pè
D]m-[n-bm-|p-Ð-Xnã kplmátÃm-hn-P-bn-®p.
sFIycm-jv{S-k-`-C-S-s]-º-Xns\ XpSáÐv
U®p-Imákw-`m-j-W-Ãn\v
kÐ-Ê-am-hp-Ibpw kw`m-j-W-ªã
Bcw-`n-|p-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS kplmátÃm
kam-[m--\-kw-`m-j-W-ª-fnã Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp-|mË
XpS-ªn. ]t¢ ,kp-lmátÃm-hnsÒ
a\-ün-en-cn-Ô-\p-k-cn-®pè
Xocp-am-\-aæ kam-[m-\kw`m-jW-ÃnsÒ
^e-am-bp-¾m-b-Xv.
(\m-ev)
kzX-{Ì-C-tÌm-t\jy
GXm-bmepw 1950apXã kp|mátWmhnsÒ
Iognã tkh\w \S-ÃmË kplmátÃm
Xocp-am-\n-®p. kpImátWm-hnsÒ
`c-Wsà Fæm CtÌm-t\-jyË
P\-hn-`m-K-ªfpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp-Ðn-æ.
hnhn[ tZio-b-X-Ifpw P\-hn-`m-K-ªfpw
CS-I-eáÐ CtÌm-t\-jy-bnã
GsX-©n-ep-samcp tZio-b-hn-`m-K-Ãnãs]º
Hcp t\-Xm-hn\v AwKo-Imcw e`n|pI Ffp-Ô-a-æ.
At\Iw Iem-]-ª-fp-¾m-bn. tIWã
B¾n Akokv FÐ ssk\n-IsÒ
t\Xr-Xz-Ãnã\-SÐ Iem]w
hfsc i~-am-bn-cp-Ðp. Cu Iem]w ASn-®-aá-Ãp-Ð-Xn\v
\ntbm-Kn-|s]º kplmátÃm
]nÐoSv XsÒ hnizkvXm-\p-bm-bn-bmbn
amdnb _n. sP.l_o-_n-bp-ambn ]cn-N-b-sÔ-ºp.
l_o_n kplmátÃm-hnsÒ
Iognã sshkv {]kn-U¾pw kplmátÃm-hnsÒ
]X-\-Ãn\v tijw {]kn-U-¾p-ambn-cp-Ðn-ºp-¾v.
aâp-I-em-]-ªsf t\cn-Sm\pw kplmátÃm
\ntbm-Kn-|-sÔ-ºp. 1954\pw 1959\pw
CS-bnã {_ntK-Un-báP-\-dã
kplmátÃm cmPysà Gâhpw
{][m-\-ssk-\n-I-hn-`m-K-amb Zot]m-\n-tKtdm
Ia#ÒnsÒ Xe-h-\mbn háÃn-®p.
aÊy-Pm-h-, tbmKy-IáÃm
{]hn-ky-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-bmWv Cu ssk\n-I-hn-`m-K-Ãn-\p-¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xv.
Cu ImeÃv Abmça-Êy-Pm-h-bnse
{]apJ hmWn-Py-Ip-Spw-_-ª-fmb eow kntbm
entbm-ªv, t_mhv lkË XpS-ªnbhbp-ambn
]cn-Nbw t\Sp-Ibpw A\-h[n hmWn-Py-kw-cw-`-ª-fnã
]©m-fn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1959ã
kplmátÃm-hnsÒ t]cnã
Iè-|-SÃp Ipâw Btcm-]n-|-sÔ-ºp.
FÐmã P\-dã kp{_tXm FÐ
káêkssk\ym-[n-]Ë kplmátÃm-hnsÒ
c¢-bvs|-Ãn. Abmsf ]ºm-f-t|m-S-Xn-bp-sS
hnNm-c-Wbv|v hnt[-b-am-|p-Ð-Xn\v ]Icw
]Sn-¹m-dË Pmh-bnse _mÎq-ªn-epèssk\nIhnZym-`ymk
öm]-\-Ãn-te|v öew amân.
Fæm GIm-[n-]-Xn-I-tfbpw t]mse Abmfpw
Ipâ-Ir-Xy-ª-fn-teásÔ-Sp-Ibpw
in¢I-fnã\nÐv c¢-sÔ-Sp-I-bp-am-bn-cp-Ðp.
1962ã Cbmç|v ta-PáP-\-d-embn
öm\-|-bâw Inºn. XpSáÐv
Abmç kp{]-[m-\-amb amÒem IamÒnsÒ
A[n-]-Xn-bm-bn. Fæm ssk\n-I-hn-`m-K-ª-fpsSbpw(
Báan, \mhn, Fbát^m-gvkv) kwbp-~-amb
Böm-\-am-bn-cpÐp Cbm-fpsS hcp-Xn-bn-em-b-Xv.
Cu A[n-Im-c-tÃmsS s\XáemÒvknsÒ
ssIh-i-am-bn-cpÐ s\XáemÒvkv
\yqKn-\n-b-bn-te|v (]m-Ôp-hm-{]-tZ-iw)Cu
ssk\n-I-hn-`mKw B{I-aWw kwL-Sn-Ôn-®p.
Cu {]tZiw kzmX-{Ìy-w{]-Jym-]n-|p-Ibpw
kzÌ-amb ]Xm-I-]-d-Ôn-|p-Ibpw
sNbvX-Xn-\pè in¢-bm-bn-cpÐp
CXv. CXn\v Ata-cn-|Ë klm-bhpw e`n-®p.
CtÌmt\jy tkmhn-bâv ]mf-b-Ãn-te|v
t]mhm-Xn-cn-|p-Ð-Xn-\pè apË
Icp-X-seÐ \ne-bn-emWv AtW-cn| CtÌm-t\-jysb
klm-bn-®-Xv. Ata-cn-|bpsS \b-X{Ì
CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpsS ^e-ambn s\XáemÒvkv
\yq Kn\nb CtÌm-t\-jyp-ambn tNá|-s]-ºp.
Cu hnP-b-tÃmsS kplmátÃm
aáa-{]-[m-\-amb tImkv{Sm-UnsÒ
Xe-h-\mbn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. P|máÃ
Böm-\-amb Hcp ssk\n-I-hn-`m-K-am-bn-cpÐp
CXv.
(A-³v)
ssk\y-Ãnse hnè-ep-Iç
CXn-\n-S-bnã CtÌm-t\-jyË
ssk\y-Ãnã hnè-ep-I-fp-¾m-bn.
ssk\yw CS-Xp-]-¢-ambpw he-Xp-]-¢-ambpw
thá]n-cn-¹p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw
kplmátÃm he-Xp-]¢ IymÚn-em-bn-cp-Ðp.cmPyw
Iayq-Wn-kvâp-Im-cpsS hcp-Xn-bn-em-hp-Ðp-s#-shÐ
Btcm-]Ww hym]-I-ambn hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-Ðp.
cmPy-ÃnsÒ hnhn-[-`m-K-ª-
fnã\-S-|pÐ B{I-a-W-ªçImc-Ww,
ZrV-amb Xocp-am-\-ª-sf-Sp-|mË
kpImátWm-t{]-cn-X-\m-bn . am{X-a-æ,
CXn-\n-S-bnã ]mëm-Xy-\-b-X-{Ì-²cpw
amÊy-a-ªfpw kp|mátWm-hns\
GIm-[n-]-Xn-bmbn hnti-jn-Ôn-|mË
XpS-ªn-bn-cp-Ðp. 1962 Pqem-bnã
CtÌm-t\-jyË ]máse-saÒmb
aP-enko cJymYv kpImátWm-hns\ BPo-h-\mÌ
{]kn-U-¾mbn {]Jym-]n-®p. {_nºojv
]nÌp-W-tbmsS CtÌm-t\-jyË
Xmev]-cy-ªçs|-Xn-cmb ate-jyË
s^U-td-j-\p-¾m-|m-\pè \o|sÃ
kp|mátWm {]Xn-tcm-[n-®p. Ata-cn-|-bpçsÔsS
]mëm-Xy-i-~n-Iç XsÒ ]cn-jvImc
\S-]-Sn-Içs|-Xn-cmbn \oªp-I-bm-sWÐv
a\-ün-em|nb kpImátWm kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw
CS-Xp-]¢ hn`m-K-ª-fpsS ]nÌp-W-t\-Sp-Ð-Xn-\pè
\S-]-Sn-Iç kzoI-cn-®p. ]³-io-e-ª-fnse
kmaq-lnI \oXn \S-Ôm-|p-Ð-Xn-\pè
Nne-\-S-]-Sn-Iç ssIs|m-èmË
XpS-ªn. CXv Iayq-W-nkvâv ]¢
]mX-ambn Btcm-]n-|-sÔ-ºp. kmam\yw
henb Hcp Iayq-Wnkvâv ]máºn-bmWv
CtÌm-t\-jy-bn-ep-¾m-bn-cp-Ð-Xv.
Cu Lº-Ãn-emWv 1965 k]vXw-_á
30\v Bdv he-Xp-]¢ ssk\n-Iá h[n-|-sÔ-º-Xv.
Ing-|Ë P|máÃ-bnse ep_mMv
_phmb FÐ {]tZ-i-ÃmWv Cu sIme
\S-Ð-Xv. CXv Iayq-W-nkvâvv KqVm-tem-N-\-bpsS
^e-am-sWÐpw Iayq-W-C-kvâp-Imsc
sh®p-s]m-dp-Ôn-|-cp-sXÐpw
Bt{Im-in-|-sÔ-ºp.
(B-dv)
a\pjy-|p-cpXn
]nÐoSv kplmátÃm-hnsÒ
Dug-am-bn-cp-Ðp. Abmç ssk\n-Isc
Iayq-Wnkvâv ]máºn {]háÃ-Iá|pw
A\p-`m-hn-Iç|pw FXnsc thº \mbv|sf
tÔmse Agn®p hnºp. Iayq-Wn-kvâp-Imsc
sImæmË Xàmdpè Fæm
kwL-ªã|pw Fæm hn[-t{]m-Èm-l-\-ªfpw
ssk\y-ÃnsÒ `mK-Ãp-\nÐv
Inºn. kpam-{X, _men, Ing-|Ë Pmh
FÐn-hn-S-ª-fnã tI{Îo-I-cn-®mWv
Iqº-s|m-e-\-S-Ð-Xv. Iayq-W-C-kvâp-Isf
IimÔv sNà-\-bmã apûnw-I-tfm-Sm-lzm\w
sNbvXp. _men-bnse lnÎp-|-sfbpw Abmã
B{I-a-tWm-Èp-I-cm-|n. 1966-B-b-tÔm-tg|v
A³v e¢w CtÌm-t\-jyË
a\p-jyá sImebv|n-c-bm-sbÐv IW-|m-|-sÔ-Sp-Ðp.
Ata-cn-|Ë Nmc-kw-L-S-\bpw temIsÃ
Gâhpw henb Iayq-W-nkvâv hncp-Ê-{]-háÃ-\-ª-fpsS
Bkq-{X-I-cp-amb kn. sF. F.. ]d-bp-ÐXv
Ccp-]Xmw \qâm¾-¾nse
Gâhpw lo\-amb a\p-jy-|-im-Ôp-I-fn-sem-Ðm-Wn-sX-Ðm-Wv.
1990ã Ata-cn-|Ë \b-X-{Ì-²áC{X-IqSn
{]Jym-]n-®p, Xªç Aàm-bn-c-Ãn-e-[nIw
Iayq-Wnkvâv ]máºn-{]-háÃ-I-cpsS
]ºnI Iayq-Wnkvâv hncpÊ
Iem-]-Im-cn-Iç|v \evIn-bn-cp-Ðp.
P|máÃn-bnse Ata-cn-|Ë
Fw_-ün-bnã DtZym-K-ö-\mbncpÐ
tdm-_áºv amáºn-\mWv
C|mcyw temIsà Adn-bn-®-Xv.
icn-bmWv hmb-\-|m-cpsS A\pam-\-ªç
icn-bm-Wv. Ata-cn-|-X-sÐ-bm-bn-cpÐp
Cu B{I-a-W-ªç|v ]nd-In-epw.
Hm, Cu sIme-I-sfms| Bcv {iÊn-|m-\m-Wv,
sImæ-sÔ-Sp-ÐXv Iayq-Wn-kvâp-I-fm-hp-tÚmç
FÐv [áÛ-tcm-j-Ãnã
BtÇm-]-lmkw sImèp-I-b-æ,
Cu teJ-IË. 1965ã Ata-cn-|Ë
tkvââv UnÔmáºvsaÒnsÒ
CÒ-en-PËkv hn`m-K-Ãnse
CtÌm-t\-jyË hn`m-K-ÃnsÒ
Xe-h-\m-bn-cpÐ tlmhmUv s^s¾-kv]n-bã
]d-bp-Ð-Xm-Wn-Xv. “IimÔv
sNà-sÔ-Sp-ÐXv Iayq-W-nkvâp-Im-cm-bn-cn-|p-thmfw
Bcpw HÐpw {iÊn-®n-æ.Bá|pw
Hcp thh-em-Xn-bp-ap-¾m-bn-c-p-Ðn-æ.“
kplmátÃm-hm-WnXvkwL-Sn-Ôn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ã-sXÐv
hniz-kn-|m-s\m-cp-]mSv Imc-W-ª-fps¾Ðv
]Xn-âm-¾p-Iç|v tijw
Atacn-|Ë t\Xm-|çXsÐ ]d-bp-Ðp.GXm-bmepw
XsÒ \ne-bp-d-Ôn-|p-Ð-Xn-t\z¾n
Cu Ah-kcw Abmç]qáW-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p.1966amá®v11\v
Abmç \nb-a-k-am-[m\w öm]n-|m-\pè
DÃ-c-hm-ZnÃw XsÐ Gev]n-®p-sIm-¾pè
DÃ-chv ssI|-em-|p-Ðp.Cu DÃ-c-hm-ZnÃw
e`n-®-tXmsS Abmç Iayq-Wnkvâv
]máºn|v \ntcm-[-\-taásÔ-Sp-Ãn.
kpImátWmhnt\mSv hniz-kvXX ]peáXÃn-bn-cpÐ
At\Iw DtZym-K-ösc XS-hn-em-|n. Iayq-W-n-kvâ-\p-`mhw
Btcm-]n®m-bn-cpÐp Ad-kvâv.
CXp-hgn kpImátWm-hnsÒ A[n-Im-c-ªç
Ipd-®p-sIm-¾p-h-cn-Ibpw kplmátXm-hnsÒ
e¢y-am-bn-cp-Ðp.
Iayq-Wn-kvâvv]máºn-s|-Xn-cmb
\S-]-Sn-sb-Ð-t]-cnã 1965-/66ã
CtÌm-t\-jy-bnã\-SÐ a\p-jy-|-imÔnã
A³v e¢Ãn-e-[nIw Bfp-Iç
sIme-sN-à-sÔ-ºp. \ncm-bp-[cpw
\nü-lm-b-cp-amb P\-ªçs|-Xnsc
\S-Ãnb BI-kvan-I-amb IS-Ðm-{I-a-W-am-bn-cpÐp
AXv. kv{XoIfpw Ip¹p-ª-fp-saæmw
sIme-sN-à-sÔ-ºp. P\-ªç|v
kzm`m-hn-I-amb coXn-bnãt]mepw {]Xn-tcm-[n-|mË
Ign-¹n-æ.t]mçt]m-ºnsÒ
Iim-Ôp-I-tfm, {^³v lyqKp-t\m-ºp-Iç(
{^mËkn-se s{]mº-kvâmÒv
ss{IkvX-h-hn-`m-K-|má)s|-Xnsc ]Xn-\mdmw
\qâm-¾nã\-SÐ Ipcp-Xn-Itfm
GXmWv C{X-sbms| {Iqc-am-bn-cp-ÐXv FÐt\z-jn-|mË
Ign-bm-X-hÁw lo\hpw Zbm-c-ln-X-hp-am-bn-cpÐp
AXv. lnâvvetdm aptüm-fn-\ntbm
kplmátÃmthm BcmWv tIaË-FtÐ
At\z-jn-t|-¾-Xp-èq. Iayq-W-nkvâv
]máºn-s|-Xn-cmb \S-]Sn ]nÐo-Sv
No\-|má|pw Ing|ËXn-tam-dnse
{InkvXym-\n-Iç|pw _men-bnse lnÎp-|ç|pw
Fæmw FXn-cmbn kplmátXm {]tbm-Kn-®p.
sImæmËX-àm-dpè
Fæm-h-tcbpw t{]mÈm-ln-Ôn-®p-sh-Ð-XmWv
kplmátXm-hnsÒ khn-ti-j-X.
aâp a\p-jy|p-cp-Xn-Iç]-cn-io-e\w
knÊn® sIme-bm-fn-Iç\-S-Ãn-b-Xm-bn-cn-|mt\
\náhm-l-ap-èq. Ign-bn-æ,
Bá|p-an-Xn-s\m-cp-Ãcw Is¾-ÃmË
Ign-bn-æ.FÌnt\ A³m-dp-e¢w
a\p-jysc Cªs\ sImÐp? kam-[m-\-an-æmÃ
tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv.
(G-gv)
Ipcp-Xn|v tijw
]nÐoSv \S-sÐ-sXæmw Ncn-{X-ÃnsÒ
`mK-am-Wv. 1967amá®v 12\v kp-ImátWm-hnsÒ
{]kn-U¾v ]Zhn FSp-Ãp-I-f-¹p.
1970ã 69#m-asà hb-üne
acn-|p-Ð-Xp-hsc kpImátWm hoºp-X-S-©-en-em-bn-cpÐp.
1969ã kplmátXm Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn
{]kn-U¾v ]Zhn Gsâ-Sp-Ãp.
1998 hsc Ggv XhW Abmç{]-kn-U¾v
]Z-hn-bnãkzbw Ah-tcm-[n-®p, apÔ-Ãn-b³v
sImæ-|m-ew. HmtcmZnh-khpw Abmç
P\-Io-bm-h-Im-i-ªç IhásÐ-Sp-Ãp-sIm-¾pè
]pXnb DÃ-c-hp-I-fp-ambn cwKÃp
hÐp. 1970ãhn-ZymáÄn-{]-öm\w
\ntcm-[n-|-sÔ-ºp.1971 apXã
CtÌm-t\-jybnse cmjv{So-b-]máºn-Isf
Npcp-|n-sIm-¾p-h-cm-\mbn Abm-fpsS
{iaw. 1973 Bb-tÔmçXsÒ
tKm|á ]máºn,bpss\-âUv
Uh-e-]vsaÒv ]máºn, CtÌm-t\-jyË
sUtam-{Im-ân|v ]máºn FÐo
aqÐv ]máºn-Iç|v am{X-ambn
{]háÃ-\-kzm-X{Ìyw ]cn-an-X-sÔ-SpÃn.]máe-saÒw-K-ª-fnã
20 iX-am-\sà kplmátÃm
t\cnºv \nb-an-|pÐ \nb-a-ap-¾m-bn.1975ã
Ing-|ËXn-tam-dnã Iqº-s|m-e-\-S-Ãn.
`cWw ISpà Agn-a-Xn-bpsS IqÃ-c-ªm-bn-am-dn.
FÌmWv kplm-á-tÃm-hnsÒ
t\ºw? Abmç ]mëm-Xy-i-~n-I-fpsS
]tcm-¢-amb ASn-aÃw kzoI-cn-®p;
No\-bp-ambpw tkmjy-enkvâv i~n-I-fp-am-bpè
Fæm _Ï-ªfpw hntO-Zn-®p.
XsÒ hntZ-i-Im-cy-a-{Ìn-bmb
BZw amen-|ns\ Abmã A-ta-cn-|-bn-te-|pw,
sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bn-te|pw, ate-jy-bn-te|pw
Abmç ]d-¹-b-®p-sIm-¾n-cp-Ðp,
tkmjy-en-kvâvtem-I-hp-ambn _Ïw
apdn-®-Xn\v {]Xn-^ew tNmZn-|m-\pw, Bkn-bmË
FÐ ssk\n-I-k-Jy-ap-¾m-|m-\pw.
icm-i-cn-bnã Ihn¹ Ign-hp-I-fpè
BZw amen|v a\-tüm-sS-bm-hptam Cu Imcy-ªçsN-bvXn-cn-|p-I-sb-Ð-dn-bn-æ.
(G-gv)
]X\w
1990-I-fnã {]Xn-tj[w ho¾pw
Db-cmËXp-S-ªn. 1991ã 271
\ncm-bp-[-cmb Ing-|ËXn-aq-dp-Imsc ]ºmfw
AIm-c-W-ambn shSn-sh-®p-sIm-ÐXv
temI-hym-]-I-amb {]Xn-tj-[-Ãn-\n-S-bm-|n.
1998ã Iem-]-ªã Bfn-Ô-SáÐp.
1999ã ]{X-ªç kplmátÃm
IpSpw-_-ÃnsÒ kzÃv 1500
tImSn tUmf-dm-sWÐ háÃ-am\w
temI-tÃmSv ]d-¹p. cW-A-Sm-bn-cm-am-¾nã
kplmátXm Agn-aXn|pâ-Ãn\vhoºp-X-S-ª-en-em-bn.
]t¢, Abmsf hnNmc-W-sN-àm-\m-bn-æ.
Abm-fpsS c¢bv|v tUmIvSáam-sc-Ãn.
Abmçam-\-kn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambpw
XIáÐn-cn|pIbm-sWÐpw hnNm-cW
Akm-Êy-am-saÐpw Aháhn-[n-sb-gp-Xn.
Nnen-bË GIm-[n-]Xn ]nt\m-s®âpw
Cª-s\-bmWv hnNm-c-W-bnã\nÐv
c¢-sÔ-º-sX-tÐmá|p-I.
c¾m-bncmam¾v apXã kp]-lmátXm
FÐ GIm-[n-]-Xn-bpsS XmgvN-bpsS háj-ª-fm-bn-cp-Ðp.
Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ª-tfm-tcm-cp-Ã-cmbn
Agn-a-Xn|pw Ihá®bv|pw XS-hn-em-bn.
HSp-hnã 2008 P\p-hcn 27\v Abmça-c-W-Ãn\v
Iog-S-ªn. Fæm GIm-[n-]-Xn-I-tfbpw
t]mse Abmfpw Gâhpw Ah-tl-fn-X-\m-bmWv
acn-®-Xv. Ata-cn|-sbm-gnsI A[n-I-cm-Py-ª-sfmÐpw
Abm-fpsS Nc-a-ÃnãZp:Jw {]I-Sn-Ôn-®n-æ.
eqbn ]Xn-\m-em-a-s\-Ôân ]d-bm-dp-¾v,
Abmç Bcpw IÁoáXq-hm-\n-æm-sX,hnem-]-Km-\-ª-fm-e-]n-|m-\n-æmsX
ac-W-a-S-¹p-sh-Ðv, Abm-fpsS ac-W-Ãnã
Bÿm-Zn®vP\-ªç XsháW-I-fnã
( aZy-im-e) t]mbn IpSn-®p-Iq-Ãm-Sn-sb-Ðv.
AXm-W-n-hn-sSbpw kw`-hn-|p-Ð-Xv. \mw
IqSp-Xã ]cn-jvIr-X-cm-b-Xn-\mã
AXvsN-àp-Ðn-sæÐv am{Xw.
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